{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2766204894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3129676.3129708","title":"An Anti-Reverse Engineering Technique using Native code and Obfuscator-LLVM for Android Applications","display_name":"An Anti-Reverse Engineering Technique using Native code and Obfuscator-LLVM for Android Applications","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2766204894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3129676.3129708","mag":"2766204894"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3129676.3129708","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3129676.3129708","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Research in Adaptive and Convergent Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044338796","display_name":"Kyeonghwan Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9807-7599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89015989","display_name":"Dankook University","ror":"https://ror.org/058pdbn81","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89015989"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kyeonghwan Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, Dankook University, Yongin, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Dankook University, Yongin, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89015989"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076982812","display_name":"Jae\u2010Min Jeong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4382-2245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89015989","display_name":"Dankook University","ror":"https://ror.org/058pdbn81","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89015989"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaemin Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Software, Dankook University, Yongin, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Software, Dankook University, Yongin, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89015989"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064210973","display_name":"Seong-je Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9917-0429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89015989","display_name":"Dankook University","ror":"https://ror.org/058pdbn81","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89015989"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seong-je Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, Dankook University, Yongin, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Dankook University, Yongin, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89015989"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039803598","display_name":"Jongmoo Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2042-6327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89015989","display_name":"Dankook University","ror":"https://ror.org/058pdbn81","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89015989"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jongmoo Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Software, Dankook University, Yongin, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Software, Dankook University, Yongin, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89015989"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101428286","display_name":"Minkyu Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6148-8244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24062138","display_name":"Konkuk University","ror":"https://ror.org/025h1m602","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24062138"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minkyu Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Engineering, Konkuk University, Chungbuk, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Engineering, Konkuk University, Chungbuk, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24062138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067982243","display_name":"Sangchul Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6100-103X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24062138","display_name":"Konkuk University","ror":"https://ror.org/025h1m602","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24062138"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangchul Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Engineering, Konkuk University, Chungbuk, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Engineering, Konkuk University, Chungbuk, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24062138"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009274409","display_name":"Seong Tae Jhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4257-5019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16764540","display_name":"University of Suwon","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysk5e42","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16764540"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seongtae Jhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer, Suwon University, Suwon, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer, Suwon University, Suwon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16764540"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044338796"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89015989"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3058,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82229941,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"217","last_page":"221"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8551540970802307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reverse-engineering","display_name":"Reverse engineering","score":0.8405294418334961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.7937811613082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java","display_name":"Java","score":0.6196025609970093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.5407370328903198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-code","display_name":"Machine code","score":0.5267773866653442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reuse","display_name":"Reuse","score":0.48657047748565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.46836721897125244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.42979300022125244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byte","display_name":"Byte","score":0.4123406708240509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.13066333532333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0823948085308075}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8551540970802307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207850805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269608","display_name":"Reverse engineering","level":2,"score":0.8405294418334961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.7937811613082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548217200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251","display_name":"Java","level":2,"score":0.6196025609970093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.5407370328903198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115168132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55813","display_name":"Machine code","level":3,"score":0.5267773866653442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.48657047748565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.46836721897125244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.42979300022125244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43364308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8799","display_name":"Byte","level":2,"score":0.4123406708240509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.13066333532333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0823948085308075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3129676.3129708","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3129676.3129708","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Research in Adaptive and Convergent Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W81879861","https://openalex.org/W1501290490","https://openalex.org/W2008514616","https://openalex.org/W2088944946","https://openalex.org/W2095763432","https://openalex.org/W2104188862","https://openalex.org/W2158874007","https://openalex.org/W2178906754","https://openalex.org/W2296128045","https://openalex.org/W2323739361","https://openalex.org/W2574928120","https://openalex.org/W2583401910","https://openalex.org/W2792866195"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2913519194","https://openalex.org/W2007287520","https://openalex.org/W2132360941","https://openalex.org/W4362634109","https://openalex.org/W2055981842","https://openalex.org/W4388820743","https://openalex.org/W2793135307","https://openalex.org/W2532550198","https://openalex.org/W3134235726","https://openalex.org/W2374751231"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Android":[0,37,71,98,175],"applications":[1,11,25,43,50,72],"are":[2,15,44,55,83],"exposed":[3],"to":[4,18,23,69,161],"reverse":[5,19,74,104],"engineering":[6,20,105],"attacks.":[7],"In":[8,61],"particular,":[9],"the":[10,24,36,80,89,93,125,128,136,151,155,164,168,180],"written":[12,26,51],"in":[13,21,27,52,95,114],"Java":[14,42],"more":[16,106,112],"prone":[17],"comparison":[22],"native-code":[28,53,96],"languages":[29,54],"such":[30],"as":[31,46,57,84],"C":[32],"or":[33],"C++":[34],"on":[35,167,172,190],"platform.":[38],"This":[39,100],"is":[40,110],"because":[41],"distributed":[45,56],"byte":[47],"codes,":[48],"while":[49],"low-level":[58],"binary":[59],"codes.":[60],"this":[62],"paper,":[63],"we":[64,87,120,142,177],"propose":[65],"a":[66,187],"new":[67],"technique":[68],"protect":[70],"against":[73],"engineering.":[75],"Three":[76],"key":[77],"characteristics":[78],"of":[79,92,116,127,154,163,170],"proposed":[81,181],"approach":[82],"follows.":[85],"First,":[86],"write":[88],"main":[90],"parts":[91],"application":[94,156],"using":[97],"NDK.":[99],"not":[101],"only":[102],"makes":[103],"difficult,":[107],"but":[108],"it":[109],"also":[111],"effective":[113],"terms":[115],"code":[117],"reuse.":[118],"Second,":[119],"introduce":[121],"obfuscation,":[122],"which":[123,148],"hides":[124],"intent":[126],"native":[129],"codes":[130],"and":[131],"obscures":[132],"theirs":[133],"structure,":[134],"at":[135],"intermediate":[137],"representation":[138],"(IR)":[139],"level.":[140],"Finally,":[141],"integrate":[143],"an":[144],"integrity":[145],"verification":[146],"scheme":[147],"detects":[149],"whether":[150],"critical":[152],"module":[153],"has":[157],"been":[158],"modified":[159],"prior":[160],"execution":[162],"application.":[165],"Based":[166],"results":[169],"experimentation":[171],"five":[173],"known":[174],"applications,":[176],"show":[178],"that":[179],"techniques":[182],"can":[183],"be":[184],"applied":[185],"without":[186],"significant":[188],"effect":[189],"performance.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}