{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963564844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3128572.3140444","title":"Adversarial Examples Are Not Easily Detected","display_name":"Adversarial Examples Are Not Easily Detected","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963564844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3128572.3140444","mag":"2963564844"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3128572.3140444","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3128572.3140444","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th ACM Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034257647","display_name":"Nicholas Carlini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1463-3461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Carlini","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062174672","display_name":"David Wagner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7728-4273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Wagner","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034257647"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":133.8522,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1412,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99970199,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9211000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.911899983882904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.9849475622177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.718916118144989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.523466944694519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.5139779448509216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.4960528314113617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.470790296792984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.3948837220668793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.38336148858070374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3517378270626068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.09756070375442505}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.9849475622177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.718916118144989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.523466944694519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5139779448509216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.4960528314113617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.470790296792984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3948837220668793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.38336148858070374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3517378270626068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.09756070375442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3128572.3140444","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3128572.3140444","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 10th ACM Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307873","display_name":"William and Flora Hewlett Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04hd1y677"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309949","display_name":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01sdtdd95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333591","display_name":"Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9657784","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1883420340","https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W2030594688","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2125908420","https://openalex.org/W2151298633","https://openalex.org/W2164943005","https://openalex.org/W2180290696","https://openalex.org/W2180612164","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2212660284","https://openalex.org/W2230740169","https://openalex.org/W2243397390","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2269778407","https://openalex.org/W2293768274","https://openalex.org/W2296452361","https://openalex.org/W2342045095","https://openalex.org/W2395317528","https://openalex.org/W2408141691","https://openalex.org/W2525778437","https://openalex.org/W2561975083","https://openalex.org/W2904025731","https://openalex.org/W2950468330","https://openalex.org/W2963098487","https://openalex.org/W2963382180","https://openalex.org/W2963695663","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2964082701","https://openalex.org/W2964153729","https://openalex.org/W3103836116","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W6688325169"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2950183588","https://openalex.org/W3080754722","https://openalex.org/W3093978547","https://openalex.org/W2953536436","https://openalex.org/W3203790781","https://openalex.org/W4313346231","https://openalex.org/W2738001131","https://openalex.org/W4285785480","https://openalex.org/W2997056298","https://openalex.org/W4298079292"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neural":[0],"networks":[1],"are":[2,12,36,61,79],"known":[3],"to":[4,7,14,22,64,73,76],"be":[5,49,74],"vulnerable":[6],"adversarial":[8,28,59,77],"examples:":[9],"inputs":[10,16],"that":[11,35,46,58],"close":[13],"natural":[15],"but":[17],"classified":[18],"incorrectly.":[19],"In":[20],"order":[21],"better":[23],"understand":[24],"the":[25,70],"space":[26],"of":[27],"examples,":[29],"we":[30,84],"survey":[31],"ten":[32],"recent":[33],"proposals":[34],"designed":[37],"for":[38,89],"detection":[39],"and":[40,69],"compare":[41],"their":[42],"efficacy.":[43],"We":[44,56],"show":[45],"all":[47],"can":[48],"defeated":[50],"by":[51],"constructing":[52],"new":[53],"loss":[54],"functions.":[55],"conclude":[57],"examples":[60,78],"significantly":[62],"harder":[63],"detect":[65],"than":[66],"previously":[67],"appreciated,":[68],"properties":[71],"believed":[72],"intrinsic":[75],"in":[80],"fact":[81],"not.":[82],"Finally,":[83],"propose":[85],"several":[86],"simple":[87],"guidelines":[88],"evaluating":[90],"future":[91],"proposed":[92],"defenses.":[93]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":101},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":90},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":100},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":159},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":297},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":302},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":220},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":108},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-10T08:33:47.465468","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}