{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2739069594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3126594.3126635","title":"AirCode","display_name":"AirCode","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2739069594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3126594.3126635","mag":"2739069594"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3126594.3126635","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3126594.3126635","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1707.05754","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038972102","display_name":"Dingzeyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4222-8105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dingzeyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070661194","display_name":"Avinash S. Nair","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Avinash S. Nair","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051975921","display_name":"Shree K. Nayar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6452-6998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shree K. Nayar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101571936","display_name":"Changxi Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9228-1038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changxi Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"449","last_page":"460"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7244752645492554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affordance","display_name":"Affordance","score":0.5943942070007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5885998010635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metadata","display_name":"Metadata","score":0.5301975607872009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encode","display_name":"ENCODE","score":0.4820076525211334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.47921305894851685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notice","display_name":"Notice","score":0.4775981903076172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.47373998165130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4718955457210541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.45239394903182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.42265310883522034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4032120406627655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.26227033138275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1012759804725647}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7244752645492554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194995250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q531136","display_name":"Affordance","level":2,"score":0.5943942070007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5885998010635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.5301975607872009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66746571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134833","display_name":"ENCODE","level":3,"score":0.4820076525211334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.47921305894851685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779913896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7063001","display_name":"Notice","level":2,"score":0.4775981903076172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.47373998165130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4718955457210541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.45239394903182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.42265310883522034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4032120406627655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.26227033138275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1012759804725647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3126594.3126635","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3126594.3126635","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1707.05754","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1707.05754","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1707.05754","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1707.05754","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1707.05754","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1707.05754","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1672766972","https://openalex.org/W1968528175","https://openalex.org/W1973367739","https://openalex.org/W1974329625","https://openalex.org/W1983053224","https://openalex.org/W1987333622","https://openalex.org/W2003526930","https://openalex.org/W2014988059","https://openalex.org/W2015559606","https://openalex.org/W2027064609","https://openalex.org/W2027480687","https://openalex.org/W2031535007","https://openalex.org/W2047947115","https://openalex.org/W2075881548","https://openalex.org/W2078469680","https://openalex.org/W2085261163","https://openalex.org/W2088255295","https://openalex.org/W2100910924","https://openalex.org/W2115529949","https://openalex.org/W2120448006","https://openalex.org/W2122981824","https://openalex.org/W2125186487","https://openalex.org/W2128593740","https://openalex.org/W2129751850","https://openalex.org/W2145599611","https://openalex.org/W2154726058","https://openalex.org/W2164139712","https://openalex.org/W2180120384","https://openalex.org/W2247601005","https://openalex.org/W2252227770","https://openalex.org/W2267998376","https://openalex.org/W2345379637","https://openalex.org/W2346126702","https://openalex.org/W2346915687","https://openalex.org/W2405022506","https://openalex.org/W2406687334","https://openalex.org/W2460832736","https://openalex.org/W2533224627","https://openalex.org/W2625885472","https://openalex.org/W2890250492","https://openalex.org/W2912460004","https://openalex.org/W2942537621","https://openalex.org/W4243493583","https://openalex.org/W4254042883"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4300115290","https://openalex.org/W2372020181","https://openalex.org/W2156531654","https://openalex.org/W1581723585","https://openalex.org/W4378714697","https://openalex.org/W2294330161","https://openalex.org/W2253069048","https://openalex.org/W2804553224","https://openalex.org/W140709781","https://openalex.org/W3214340375"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,87,122],"present":[1,88],"AirCode,":[2],"a":[3,22,79,89,118],"technique":[4,126],"that":[5,91],"allows":[6,107],"the":[7,31,41,45,54,59,64,83,93,99,108,112],"user":[8,100,109],"to":[9,70,72,101,110],"tag":[10,19],"physically":[11],"fabricated":[12],"objects":[13],"with":[14,127],"given":[15],"information.":[16,103],"An":[17],"AirCode":[18,104],"consists":[20],"of":[21,24,44,95],"group":[23],"carefully":[25],"designed":[26],"air":[27,35,55,96],"pockets":[28,36,56,97],"placed":[29],"beneath":[30],"object":[32,138],"surface.":[33],"These":[34],"are":[37,68],"easily":[38],"produced":[39],"during":[40],"fabrication":[42],"process":[43],"object,":[46],"without":[47],"any":[48],"additional":[49],"material":[50],"or":[51],"postprocessing.":[52],"Meanwhile,":[53],"affect":[57],"only":[58],"scattering":[60],"light":[61],"transport":[62],"under":[63],"surface,":[65],"and":[66],"thus":[67],"hard":[69],"notice":[71],"our":[73,124],"naked":[74],"eyes.":[75],"But,":[76],"by":[77],"using":[78],"computational":[80],"imaging":[81],"method,":[82],"tags":[84],"become":[85],"detectable.":[86],"tool":[90],"automates":[92],"design":[94],"for":[98,129],"encode":[102],"system":[105],"also":[106],"retrieve":[111],"information":[113],"from":[114],"captured":[115],"images":[116],"via":[117],"robust":[119],"decoding":[120],"algorithm.":[121],"demonstrate":[123],"tagging":[125],"applications":[128],"metadata":[130],"embedding,":[131],"robotic":[132],"grasping,":[133],"as":[134,136],"well":[135],"conveying":[137],"affordances.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2017-07-31T00:00:00"}
