{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2754398040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3125374.3125382","title":"Towards a Green Ranking for Programming Languages","display_name":"Towards a Green Ranking for Programming Languages","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2754398040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3125374.3125382","mag":"2754398040"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3125374.3125382","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3125374.3125382","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st Brazilian Symposium on Programming Languages","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://repositorio.inesctec.pt/handle/123456789/5498","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090791418","display_name":"Marco Couto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2333-6095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marco Couto","raw_affiliation_strings":["HASLab/INESC TEC, Universidade do Minho, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HASLab/INESC TEC, Universidade do Minho, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088321345","display_name":"Rui Pereira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5801-7345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Pereira","raw_affiliation_strings":["HASLab/INESC TEC, Universidade do Minho, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HASLab/INESC TEC, Universidade do Minho, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011563016","display_name":"Francisco Ribeiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0427-4503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Ribeiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["HASLab/INESC TEC, Universidade do Minho, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HASLab/INESC TEC, Universidade do Minho, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023030603","display_name":"Rui Rua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2979-0635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Rua","raw_affiliation_strings":["HASLab/INESC TEC, Universidade do Minho, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HASLab/INESC TEC, Universidade do Minho, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087190575","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Saraiva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5686-7151"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o Saraiva","raw_affiliation_strings":["HASLab/INESC TEC, Universidade do Minho, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HASLab/INESC TEC, Universidade do Minho, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090791418"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166615","https://openalex.org/I99682543"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6076,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84818738,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10803","display_name":"Innovative Human-Technology Interaction","score":0.9535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9286999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7883931398391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5986958146095276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.5893189907073975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5133149027824402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-paradigm","display_name":"Programming paradigm","score":0.45487627387046814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumption","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","score":0.4391370415687561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.42363056540489197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3874698579311371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.29627713561058044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23827174305915833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09419560432434082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7883931398391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5986958146095276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.5893189907073975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5133149027824402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.45487627387046814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.4391370415687561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.42363056540489197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3874698579311371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.29627713561058044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23827174305915833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09419560432434082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3125374.3125382","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3125374.3125382","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st Brazilian Symposium on Programming Languages","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.inesctec.pt:123456789/5498","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://repositorio.inesctec.pt/handle/123456789/5498","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"conference object"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt:1822/65360","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1822/65360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400354","display_name":"Reposit\u00f3riUM (Universidade do Minho)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","host_organization_name":"University of Minho","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"conference paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorium.uminho.pt:1822/65360","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1822/65360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.inesctec.pt:123456789/5498","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://repositorio.inesctec.pt/handle/123456789/5498","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"conference object"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1167214205","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"COMPETE","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1516346500","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"01-0145","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1578237752","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"COMPETE","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1763632427","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"POCI-01-0145","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G274581676","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"POCI-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3491971210","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"COMPETE 2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4176497637","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"COMPETE 2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4455079242","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"POCI-01-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5224927334","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"POCI-01-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7939958493","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016718","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8862270368","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"POCI-01-0145-FEDER","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8884816653","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"POCI-01-0145-FEDER","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W121994753","https://openalex.org/W336684904","https://openalex.org/W1424148118","https://openalex.org/W1491087240","https://openalex.org/W1983885898","https://openalex.org/W1995392967","https://openalex.org/W2004413237","https://openalex.org/W2012465543","https://openalex.org/W2025892295","https://openalex.org/W2038964933","https://openalex.org/W2070525241","https://openalex.org/W2097204446","https://openalex.org/W2100886660","https://openalex.org/W2101487261","https://openalex.org/W2112918230","https://openalex.org/W2117538871","https://openalex.org/W2118127938","https://openalex.org/W2126399635","https://openalex.org/W2126841099","https://openalex.org/W2127184104","https://openalex.org/W2132869755","https://openalex.org/W2148186462","https://openalex.org/W2154030621","https://openalex.org/W2154108476","https://openalex.org/W2252626969","https://openalex.org/W2293868092","https://openalex.org/W2344496621","https://openalex.org/W2402119011","https://openalex.org/W2473963657","https://openalex.org/W2520312983","https://openalex.org/W2533256678","https://openalex.org/W2554125638","https://openalex.org/W2572673092","https://openalex.org/W2575336767","https://openalex.org/W2592303583","https://openalex.org/W2621081692","https://openalex.org/W3141699076","https://openalex.org/W4232504361","https://openalex.org/W4300907407"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2188500270","https://openalex.org/W2303858293","https://openalex.org/W2915512527","https://openalex.org/W51364034","https://openalex.org/W2793336762","https://openalex.org/W2091548507","https://openalex.org/W2368816706","https://openalex.org/W3159414774","https://openalex.org/W4385728102","https://openalex.org/W2378093739"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"in":[1],"the":[2,4,11,22,48],"past":[3],"primary":[5],"goal":[6],"to":[7,24,35,50],"optimize":[8],"software":[9],"was":[10],"run":[12],"time":[13],"optimization,":[14],"nowadays":[15],"there":[16],"is":[17],"a":[18,29,43],"growing":[19,30],"awareness":[20],"of":[21,32,45],"need":[23],"reduce":[25],"energy":[26],"consumption.":[27],"Additionally,":[28],"number":[31],"developers":[33],"wish":[34],"become":[36],"more":[37],"energy-aware":[38],"when":[39],"programming":[40],"and":[41,47],"feel":[42],"lack":[44],"tools":[46],"knowledge":[49],"do":[51],"so.":[52]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-16T08:24:45.110214","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}