{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2762561030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3117811.3117839","title":"Cardiac Scan","display_name":"Cardiac Scan","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2762561030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3117811.3117839","mag":"2762561030"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3117811.3117839","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3117811.3117839","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078406349","display_name":"Feng Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-5200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Feng Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100709121","display_name":"Chen Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3034-4878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102766517","display_name":"Yan Zhuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5449-024X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Zhuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035679293","display_name":"Wenyao Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6444-9411"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenyao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025738581","display_name":"Changzhi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2188-4506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12315562","display_name":"Texas Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/0405mnx93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changzhi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000596496","display_name":"Kui Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3441-6277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kui Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078406349"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":31.362,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":178,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99646772,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"315","last_page":"328"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7559232115745544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.580872654914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5489642024040222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liveness","display_name":"Liveness","score":0.5372803807258606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.5163903832435608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.44529491662979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.4416177570819855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.41629138588905334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.36873751878738403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2057843804359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.12979689240455627}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7559232115745544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.580872654914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5489642024040222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15569618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3561421","display_name":"Liveness","level":2,"score":0.5372803807258606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.5163903832435608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.44529491662979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.4416177570819855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.41629138588905334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.36873751878738403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2057843804359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.12979689240455627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3117811.3117839","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3117811.3117839","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7700942774","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1564104/1718483/1718375","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":88,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11386500","https://openalex.org/W118835214","https://openalex.org/W877128296","https://openalex.org/W1480964377","https://openalex.org/W1483327747","https://openalex.org/W1491079101","https://openalex.org/W1506730542","https://openalex.org/W1531200232","https://openalex.org/W1532058700","https://openalex.org/W1546401409","https://openalex.org/W1584545576","https://openalex.org/W1889383825","https://openalex.org/W1927683963","https://openalex.org/W1965391653","https://openalex.org/W1965900141","https://openalex.org/W1972952857","https://openalex.org/W1979834178","https://openalex.org/W1989000482","https://openalex.org/W2005119903","https://openalex.org/W2006873322","https://openalex.org/W2007123640","https://openalex.org/W2011355574","https://openalex.org/W2017984981","https://openalex.org/W2038323669","https://openalex.org/W2041040282","https://openalex.org/W2041137821","https://openalex.org/W2042124323","https://openalex.org/W2045727797","https://openalex.org/W2046128267","https://openalex.org/W2051792094","https://openalex.org/W2061727757","https://openalex.org/W2065726711","https://openalex.org/W2082697669","https://openalex.org/W2082848186","https://openalex.org/W2085521383","https://openalex.org/W2088544562","https://openalex.org/W2091764829","https://openalex.org/W2098508968","https://openalex.org/W2098577709","https://openalex.org/W2099236935","https://openalex.org/W2099743383","https://openalex.org/W2100210993","https://openalex.org/W2105891650","https://openalex.org/W2106953071","https://openalex.org/W2110075977","https://openalex.org/W2112209396","https://openalex.org/W2113117995","https://openalex.org/W2119345305","https://openalex.org/W2122831055","https://openalex.org/W2123625324","https://openalex.org/W2125107418","https://openalex.org/W2132123667","https://openalex.org/W2134075215","https://openalex.org/W2135484878","https://openalex.org/W2135864704","https://openalex.org/W2139741288","https://openalex.org/W2139750052","https://openalex.org/W2141336889","https://openalex.org/W2144458682","https://openalex.org/W2150803756","https://openalex.org/W2151343288","https://openalex.org/W2151854612","https://openalex.org/W2156914236","https://openalex.org/W2161739261","https://openalex.org/W2163232697","https://openalex.org/W2163430278","https://openalex.org/W2163686179","https://openalex.org/W2167712474","https://openalex.org/W2170941890","https://openalex.org/W2182514343","https://openalex.org/W2217534266","https://openalex.org/W2314077377","https://openalex.org/W2404004865","https://openalex.org/W2487484013","https://openalex.org/W2494218935","https://openalex.org/W2494946859","https://openalex.org/W2497655996","https://openalex.org/W2518538812","https://openalex.org/W2525771685","https://openalex.org/W2530662063","https://openalex.org/W2535940264","https://openalex.org/W2542496896","https://openalex.org/W2612916332","https://openalex.org/W2770977049","https://openalex.org/W4247971261","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6723860541","https://openalex.org/W7046445423"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2533239677","https://openalex.org/W4389545061","https://openalex.org/W2140593870","https://openalex.org/W3126377002","https://openalex.org/W2903861076","https://openalex.org/W2604576816","https://openalex.org/W2729608596","https://openalex.org/W2913345013","https://openalex.org/W2900020547","https://openalex.org/W3016508785"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Continuous":[0],"authentication":[1,32,53,151,189],"is":[2,23,70,83,89,183],"of":[3,11,20,64,78,127],"great":[4],"importance":[5],"to":[6,24,85,94,145],"maintain":[7],"the":[8,15,65,79,118,133],"security":[9],"level":[10],"a":[12,26,36,42,50,109,139,175,184],"system":[13,115],"throughout":[14],"login":[16],"session.":[17],"The":[18],"goal":[19],"this":[21,46],"work":[22],"investigate":[25],"trustworthy,":[27],"continuous,":[28],"and":[29,61,88,104,158,168,186],"non-contact":[30],"user":[31,87],"approach":[33],"based":[34,58,116],"on":[35,59,117],"heart-related":[37],"biometric":[38],"that":[39,180],"works":[40],"in":[41,149,155,174],"daily-life":[43],"environment.":[44],"To":[45],"end,":[47],"we":[48],"present":[49],"novel,":[51],"continuous":[52,188],"system,":[54],"namely":[55],"Cardiac":[56,68,96,147,161,181],"Scan,":[57],"geometric":[60],"non-volitional":[62],"features":[63,98],"cardiac":[66,80,112,128],"motion.":[67],"motion":[69,113,129],"an":[71],"automatic":[72],"heart":[73],"deformation":[74],"caused":[75],"by":[76],"self-excitement":[77],"muscle,":[81],"which":[82],"unique":[84],"each":[86],"difficult":[90],"(if":[91],"not":[92],"impossible)":[93],"counterfeit.":[95],"Scan":[97,148,162,182],"intrinsic":[99],"liveness":[100],"detection,":[101],"unobtrusiveness,":[102],"cost-effectiveness,":[103],"high":[105],"usability.":[106],"We":[107,137,178],"prototype":[108],"remote,":[110],"high-resolution":[111],"sensing":[114],"smart":[119],"DC-coupled":[120],"continuous-wave":[121],"radar.":[122],"Fiducial-based":[123],"invariant":[124],"identity":[125],"descriptors":[126],"are":[130],"extracted":[131],"after":[132],"radar":[134],"signal":[135],"demodulation.":[136],"conduct":[138],"pilot":[140],"study":[141],"with":[142],"78":[143],"subjects":[144],"evaluate":[146],"accuracy,":[150],"time,":[152],"permanence,":[153],"evaluation":[154],"complex":[156],"conditions,":[157],"vulnerability.":[159],"Specifically,":[160],"achieves":[163],"98.61%":[164],"balanced":[165],"accuracy":[166],"(BAC)":[167],"4.42%":[169],"equal":[170],"error":[171],"rate":[172],"(EER)":[173],"real-world":[176],"setup.":[177],"demonstrate":[179],"robust":[185],"usable":[187],"system.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2017-10-20T00:00:00"}