{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2740060156","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3106237.3106305","title":"CodeMatch: obfuscation won't conceal your repackaged app","display_name":"CodeMatch: obfuscation won't conceal your repackaged app","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2740060156","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3106237.3106305","mag":"2740060156"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3106237.3106305","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3106237.3106305","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2017 11th Joint Meeting on Foundations of Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060720829","display_name":"Leonid Glanz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leonid Glanz","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047367018","display_name":"Sven Amann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2952-0475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sven Amann","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014476821","display_name":"Michael Eichberg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Eichberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002805499","display_name":"Michael Reif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7561-5750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Reif","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027995789","display_name":"Ben Hermann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9848-2017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Hermann","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016710902","display_name":"Johannes Lerch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1219-3548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johannes Lerch","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078067853","display_name":"Mira Mezini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6563-7537"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mira Mezini","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060720829"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0368,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96315467,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"638","last_page":"648"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bytecode","display_name":"Bytecode","score":0.848031222820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.797720730304718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.7834291458129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.5305752158164978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5141523480415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.4760746359825134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.472878634929657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4611530303955078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-apps","display_name":"Mobile apps","score":0.45747941732406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upload","display_name":"Upload","score":0.45478713512420654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4025549590587616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.17605027556419373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.16077929735183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java","display_name":"Java","score":0.12991151213645935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779818221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837330","display_name":"Bytecode","level":3,"score":0.848031222820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.797720730304718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.7834291458129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.5305752158164978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5141523480415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.4760746359825134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.472878634929657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4611530303955078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988145974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620615","display_name":"Mobile apps","level":2,"score":0.45747941732406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71901391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126699","display_name":"Upload","level":2,"score":0.45478713512420654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4025549590587616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.17605027556419373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.16077929735183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548217200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251","display_name":"Java","level":2,"score":0.12991151213645935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3106237.3106305","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3106237.3106305","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2017 11th Joint Meeting on Foundations of Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de:106820","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/106820/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196390","display_name":"TUbilio (Technical University of Darmstadt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","host_organization_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Buchkapitel"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101604734","https://openalex.org/W151347844","https://openalex.org/W183494281","https://openalex.org/W1570526997","https://openalex.org/W1639305476","https://openalex.org/W1967901901","https://openalex.org/W1971497680","https://openalex.org/W1976596267","https://openalex.org/W2013050620","https://openalex.org/W2024385792","https://openalex.org/W2028727337","https://openalex.org/W2059390719","https://openalex.org/W2064038877","https://openalex.org/W2068025885","https://openalex.org/W2088479623","https://openalex.org/W2099525266","https://openalex.org/W2111525908","https://openalex.org/W2126851641","https://openalex.org/W2128389850","https://openalex.org/W2145065594","https://openalex.org/W2168154523","https://openalex.org/W2248270447","https://openalex.org/W2286924183","https://openalex.org/W2399891510","https://openalex.org/W2400269587","https://openalex.org/W2401896535","https://openalex.org/W2532717356","https://openalex.org/W2535473328","https://openalex.org/W2618014206","https://openalex.org/W2951900017"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2620652965","https://openalex.org/W4321062042","https://openalex.org/W2024170198","https://openalex.org/W4296272594","https://openalex.org/W2900526031","https://openalex.org/W2289039654","https://openalex.org/W2728713145","https://openalex.org/W2470502009","https://openalex.org/W2131332603","https://openalex.org/W2072617132"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"established":[1],"way":[2],"to":[3,11,52,106,156,169,203,223],"steal":[4],"the":[5,18,70,78,81,89,96,127,132,153,183,194,199],"income":[6],"of":[7,20,26,58,73,80,109,131,152,185,198,235],"app":[8,178,201,240],"developers,":[9],"or":[10],"trick":[12],"users":[13],"into":[14],"installing":[15],"malware,":[16],"is":[17,47,61,66,85],"creation":[19],"repackaged":[21,59,115,209,225],"apps.":[22,31,137,226],"These":[23],"are":[24,37,100,167,217,242],"clones":[25],"-":[27,29,140,142],"typically":[28],"successful":[30],"To":[32,112],"conceal":[33],"their":[34,41],"nature,":[35],"they":[36],"often":[38],"obfuscated":[39,97,136],"by":[40,69,88],"creators.":[42],"But,":[43],"given":[44],"that":[45,205,232],"it":[46,221],"a":[48,55,119],"common":[49],"best":[50],"practice":[51],"obfuscate":[53],"apps,":[54,77,94,116],"trivial":[56],"identification":[57,128],"apps":[60,210,237],"not":[62,104],"possible.":[63],"The":[64],"problem":[65],"further":[67],"intensified":[68],"prevalent":[71],"usage":[72],"libraries.":[74,91],"In":[75],"many":[76],"size":[79],"overall":[82],"code":[83,98,134,145,202],"base":[84],"basically":[86],"determined":[87],"used":[90,175],"Therefore,":[92],"two":[93,120],"where":[95],"bases":[99],"very":[101,213],"similar,":[102],"do":[103],"have":[105],"be":[107,157],"repackages":[108,243],"each":[110],"other.":[111],"reliably":[113],"detect":[114],"we":[117,166,190,206,230],"propose":[118],"step":[121],"approach":[122,139],"which":[123,147],"first":[124],"focuses":[125],"on":[126,144,171],"and":[129],"removal":[130,184],"library":[133,188],"in":[135,238],"This":[138,219],"LibDetect":[141],"relies":[143],"representations":[146],"abstract":[148,196],"over":[149],"several":[150],"parts":[151],"underlying":[154],"bytecode":[155],"resilient":[158],"against":[159],"certain":[160],"obfuscation":[161,215],"techniques.":[162],"Using":[163,227],"this":[164],"approach,":[165,229],"able":[168],"identify":[170,208,224],"average":[172],"70%":[173],"more":[174],"libraries":[176],"per":[177],"than":[179],"previous":[180],"approaches.":[181],"After":[182],"an":[186],"app's":[187],"code,":[189],"then":[191],"fuzzy":[192],"hash":[193],"most":[195],"representation":[197],"remaining":[200],"ensure":[204],"can":[207],"even":[211],"if":[212],"advanced":[214],"techniques":[216],"used.":[218],"makes":[220],"possible":[222],"our":[228],"found":[231],"\u2248":[233],"15%":[234],"all":[236],"Android":[239],"stores":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}