{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2753904554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3102071.3110568","title":"Learning the patterns of balance in a multi-player shooter game","display_name":"Learning the patterns of balance in a multi-player shooter game","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2753904554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3102071.3110568","mag":"2753904554"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3102071.3110568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3102071.3110568","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar//handle/123456789/29692","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073342596","display_name":"Daniel Karavolos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0292-6256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197854408","display_name":"University of Malta","ror":"https://ror.org/03a62bv60","country_code":"MT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}],"countries":["MT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Karavolos","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Malta, Msida, Malta"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Malta, Msida, Malta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012075090","display_name":"Antonios Liapis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5554-1961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197854408","display_name":"University of Malta","ror":"https://ror.org/03a62bv60","country_code":"MT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}],"countries":["MT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonios Liapis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Malta, Msida, Malta"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Malta, Msida, Malta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072029181","display_name":"Georgios N. Yannakakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7793-1450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197854408","display_name":"University of Malta","ror":"https://ror.org/03a62bv60","country_code":"MT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}],"countries":["MT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgios Yannakakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Malta, Msida, Malta"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Malta, Msida, Malta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2458,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84874593,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11674","display_name":"Sports Analytics and Performance","score":0.9757000207901001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7662955522537231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6115025281906128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5527132153511047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.546505331993103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.53725665807724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5261679887771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-design","display_name":"Game design","score":0.4924710690975189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strengths-and-weaknesses","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","score":0.42218518257141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narrative","display_name":"Narrative","score":0.4197555184364319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4131767749786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36279040575027466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.33754485845565796}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7662955522537231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6115025281906128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5527132153511047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.546505331993103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.53725665807724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5261679887771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C503285160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858057","display_name":"Game design","level":2,"score":0.4924710690975189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63882131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17122954","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","level":2,"score":0.42218518257141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.4197555184364319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4131767749786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36279040575027466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.33754485845565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3102071.3110568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3102071.3110568","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.um.edu.mt:123456789/29692","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar//handle/123456789/29692","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400782","display_name":"OAR@UM (University of Malta)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I197854408","host_organization_name":"University of Malta","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:www.um.edu.mt:123456789/29692","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar//handle/123456789/29692","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400782","display_name":"OAR@UM (University of Malta)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I197854408","host_organization_name":"University of Malta","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W69075117","https://openalex.org/W118696858","https://openalex.org/W283812555","https://openalex.org/W776164697","https://openalex.org/W1893585201","https://openalex.org/W1924619199","https://openalex.org/W1964869099","https://openalex.org/W2001466640","https://openalex.org/W2006626130","https://openalex.org/W2035073446","https://openalex.org/W2070952042","https://openalex.org/W2102015193","https://openalex.org/W2113726754","https://openalex.org/W2128888606","https://openalex.org/W2144230296","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2152660354","https://openalex.org/W2160237541","https://openalex.org/W2168115594","https://openalex.org/W2200701583","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2362143032","https://openalex.org/W2395774634","https://openalex.org/W2513097289","https://openalex.org/W2530969562","https://openalex.org/W2545867125","https://openalex.org/W2573316795","https://openalex.org/W2591091812","https://openalex.org/W2604299437","https://openalex.org/W2607489666","https://openalex.org/W2729226843","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2963871073","https://openalex.org/W2963920537","https://openalex.org/W3176617304","https://openalex.org/W4249067296","https://openalex.org/W4409613645"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4295769391","https://openalex.org/W2972220648","https://openalex.org/W2332667808","https://openalex.org/W1997921863","https://openalex.org/W2348886128","https://openalex.org/W2388067091","https://openalex.org/W2367656648","https://openalex.org/W3112960490","https://openalex.org/W2344144656","https://openalex.org/W2350200549"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"particular":[1],"challenge":[2],"of":[3,18,36,69,73,99,147,159,172],"the":[4,10,34,51,54,58,111,129,170,189,209,213],"game":[5,64,103,124],"design":[6],"process":[7],"is":[8,12,126],"when":[9,174],"designer":[11,45],"requested":[13],"to":[14,27,49,66,121,196],"orchestrate":[15],"dissimilar":[16,83],"elements":[17],"games":[19,151],"such":[20,206],"as":[21,104,107,132,207,215],"visuals,":[22],"audio,":[23],"narrative":[24],"and":[25,60,71,135,181],"rules":[26],"achieve":[28],"a":[29,44,63,91,97,100,145,156,177],"specific":[30],"play":[31],"experience.":[32],"Within":[33],"domain":[35],"adversarial":[37],"first":[38],"person":[39],"shooter":[40,102],"games,":[41,87],"for":[42],"instance,":[43],"must":[46],"be":[47],"able":[48],"comprehend":[50],"differences":[52],"between":[53],"weapons":[55],"available":[56],"in":[57,86],"game,":[59],"appropriately":[61],"craft":[62],"level":[65,214],"take":[67],"advantage":[68],"strengths":[70],"weaknesses":[72],"those":[74],"weapons.":[75],"As":[76],"an":[77,133,185],"initial":[78],"study":[79],"towards":[80],"computationally":[81],"orchestrating":[82],"content":[84],"generators":[85],"this":[88],"paper":[89],"presents":[90],"computational":[92,115],"model":[93,116,141],"which":[94,202],"can":[95],"classify":[96],"matchup":[98],"team-based":[101],"balanced":[105],"or":[106,110,200,211],"favoring":[108],"one":[109],"other":[112],"team.":[113],"The":[114,140,166],"uses":[117],"convolutional":[118,178],"neural":[119,179,198],"networks":[120,199],"learn":[122],"how":[123],"balance":[125],"affected":[127],"by":[128,162,176],"level,":[130],"represented":[131],"image,":[134],"each":[136],"team's":[137],"weapon":[138,182,210],"parameters.":[139],"was":[142],"trained":[143],"on":[144,155],"corpus":[146],"over":[148],"50,000":[149],"simulated":[150],"with":[152],"artificial":[153,197],"agents":[154],"diverse":[157],"set":[158],"levels":[160],"created":[161],"39":[163],"different":[164],"generators.":[165],"results":[167],"show":[168],"that":[169],"fusion":[171],"levels,":[173],"processed":[175],"network,":[180],"parameters":[183],"yields":[184],"accuracy":[186,194],"far":[187],"above":[188],"baseline":[190],"but":[191],"also":[192],"improves":[193],"compared":[195],"models":[201],"use":[203],"partial":[204],"information,":[205],"only":[208,212],"input.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}