{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2626201315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3098583.3098590","title":"How to Measure the Killer Microsecond","display_name":"How to Measure the Killer Microsecond","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2626201315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3098583.3098590","mag":"2626201315"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3098583.3098590","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3098583.3098590","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3098583.3098590","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Kernel-Bypass Networks","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3098583.3098590","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011036378","display_name":"Mia Primorac","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1001-1195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mia Primorac","raw_affiliation_strings":["EPFL, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EPFL, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049034675","display_name":"Edouard Bugnion","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7237-6929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edouard Bugnion","raw_affiliation_strings":["EPFL, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EPFL, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011668097","display_name":"Katerina Argyraki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9470-2819"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katerina Argyraki","raw_affiliation_strings":["EPFL, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EPFL, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011036378"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9008,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92123673,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"37","last_page":"42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7522565126419067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.7149128913879395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.7072525024414062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.608755350112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.5073933005332947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.479938805103302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4799085557460785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.33243146538734436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3224363923072815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.13101813197135925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12554609775543213}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7522565126419067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.7149128913879395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.7072525024414062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.608755350112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5073933005332947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.479938805103302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4799085557460785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.33243146538734436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3224363923072815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.13101813197135925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12554609775543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3098583.3098590","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3098583.3098590","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3098583.3098590","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Kernel-Bypass Networks","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.tind.io:229150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/229150","pdf_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/bitstreams/00b28c8c-8f9e-44b9-89a4-e31095d0fa31/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference proceedings"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3098583.3098590","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3098583.3098590","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3098583.3098590","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Kernel-Bypass Networks","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316785","display_name":"VMware","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320915","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2626201315.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2626201315.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W85890223","https://openalex.org/W100679602","https://openalex.org/W1498219407","https://openalex.org/W1846878831","https://openalex.org/W1864827048","https://openalex.org/W1966759454","https://openalex.org/W1968331080","https://openalex.org/W1979866793","https://openalex.org/W1994618472","https://openalex.org/W2089194229","https://openalex.org/W2105545278","https://openalex.org/W2141715885","https://openalex.org/W2144141446","https://openalex.org/W2301357520","https://openalex.org/W2513730816","https://openalex.org/W2537902178","https://openalex.org/W2540285146","https://openalex.org/W2588779930","https://openalex.org/W2597880136","https://openalex.org/W3102982213","https://openalex.org/W4236053521","https://openalex.org/W4250013586","https://openalex.org/W6600160826","https://openalex.org/W6819284588"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388464034","https://openalex.org/W2533125852","https://openalex.org/W2140460949","https://openalex.org/W2105580438","https://openalex.org/W2057435755","https://openalex.org/W2018782216","https://openalex.org/W2949620858","https://openalex.org/W4255837520","https://openalex.org/W2770877918","https://openalex.org/W1989375655"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Datacenter-networking":[0],"research":[1],"requires":[2],"tools":[3,16],"to":[4,25,32],"both":[5],"generate":[6],"traffic":[7],"and":[8,12,28,49,71,77],"accurately":[9],"measure":[10,83],"latency":[11,63,85],"throughput.":[13],"While":[14],"hardware-based":[15],"have":[17,57],"long":[18],"existed":[19],"commercially,":[20],"they":[21],"are":[22,37],"primarily":[23],"used":[24],"validate":[26],"ASICs":[27],"lack":[29],"flexibility,":[30],"e.g.,":[31],"study":[33],"new":[34,59],"protocols.":[35],"They":[36],"also":[38],"too":[39],"expensive":[40],"for":[41,61],"academics.":[42],"The":[43],"recent":[44],"development":[45],"of":[46],"kernel-bypass":[47],"networking":[48],"advanced":[50],"NIC":[51],"features":[52],"such":[53],"as":[54,87,89],"hardware":[55],"timestamping":[56],"created":[58],"opportunities":[60],"accurate":[62],"measurements.":[64],"This":[65],"paper":[66],"compares":[67],"these":[68],"two":[69],"approaches,":[70],"in":[72],"particular":[73],"whether":[74],"commodity":[75],"servers":[76],"NICs,":[78],"when":[79],"properly":[80],"configured,":[81],"can":[82],"the":[84],"distributions":[86],"precisely":[88],"specialized":[90],"hardware.":[91]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}