{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2751819158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3098279.3098568","title":"Assessing the usability of smartwatches for academic cheating during exams","display_name":"Assessing the usability of smartwatches for academic cheating during exams","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2751819158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3098279.3098568","mag":"2751819158"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3098279.3098568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3098279.3098568","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079712740","display_name":"Stephanie Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8799-6757"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephanie Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069623565","display_name":"Lillian Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lillian Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016706227","display_name":"Bernhard E. Riecke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7974-0850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernhard Riecke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103749390","display_name":"Emily S. Cramer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emily Cramer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034861201","display_name":"Carman Neustaedter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-018X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carman Neustaedter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079712740"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8233,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91095958,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11492","display_name":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11492","display_name":"Academic integrity and plagiarism","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9218999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cheating","display_name":"Cheating","score":0.9547858238220215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smartwatch","display_name":"Smartwatch","score":0.8506444692611694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.8298984169960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.5733438730239868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5240338444709778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4696114659309387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3926299512386322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.36129677295684814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-psychology","display_name":"Applied psychology","score":0.3372807204723358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.1845545768737793}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778024590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357432","display_name":"Cheating","level":2,"score":0.9547858238220215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29794715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5362345","display_name":"Smartwatch","level":3,"score":0.8506444692611694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.8298984169960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.5733438730239868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5240338444709778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4696114659309387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3926299512386322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.36129677295684814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.3372807204723358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.1845545768737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3098279.3098568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3098279.3098568","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W437556392","https://openalex.org/W1222132880","https://openalex.org/W1530266187","https://openalex.org/W1566216503","https://openalex.org/W1901089376","https://openalex.org/W1980853212","https://openalex.org/W1990364363","https://openalex.org/W1991976654","https://openalex.org/W2000367546","https://openalex.org/W2016610253","https://openalex.org/W2027631712","https://openalex.org/W2043795601","https://openalex.org/W2057622668","https://openalex.org/W2058503756","https://openalex.org/W2077302952","https://openalex.org/W2080182134","https://openalex.org/W2083568981","https://openalex.org/W2097662580","https://openalex.org/W2109277966","https://openalex.org/W2109438710","https://openalex.org/W2112261049","https://openalex.org/W2117202812","https://openalex.org/W2141711951","https://openalex.org/W2152622481","https://openalex.org/W2154686027","https://openalex.org/W2170237747","https://openalex.org/W2170982357","https://openalex.org/W2176855205","https://openalex.org/W2337652571","https://openalex.org/W2396078445","https://openalex.org/W2541731731","https://openalex.org/W2551262224"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012288173","https://openalex.org/W1968538666","https://openalex.org/W2097662580","https://openalex.org/W3199302685","https://openalex.org/W2344072770","https://openalex.org/W2389163612","https://openalex.org/W2065650938","https://openalex.org/W4285587629","https://openalex.org/W2756171776","https://openalex.org/W2765158217"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smartwatches":[0],"are":[1,29,71,84],"growing":[2,140],"in":[3,113,125],"usage,":[4],"yet":[5],"they":[6,28],"come":[7],"with":[8,56],"the":[9,17,42,61,98,106,133,139],"additional":[10],"challenge":[11],"of":[12,19,44,111,142],"regulating":[13],"their":[14],"usage":[15],"during":[16],"taking":[18],"academic":[20,115,127,136],"tests.":[21],"However,":[22,82],"it":[23],"is":[24],"unclear":[25],"how":[26],"effective":[27],"at":[30],"actually":[31],"allowing":[32],"students":[33,83],"to":[34,63,86,93,104,122,132],"cheat.":[35],"We":[36,96,117],"conducted":[37],"an":[38,102,114,126],"experiment":[39],"that":[40,69,120],"examines":[41],"use":[43,97],"smartwatches":[45,70,112],"for":[46,80],"cheating":[47,99,124],"on":[48,60,89,135],"Multiple-Choice":[49,90],"Questions":[50,91],"(MCQ)":[51],"and":[52,109,138],"Short":[53,94],"Answers":[54],"(SA)":[55],"either":[57],"Pictures/Text":[58],"shown":[59],"watch":[62],"aid":[64],"students.":[65],"Our":[66,129],"results":[67],"indicate":[68],"neither":[72],"efficient":[73],"nor":[74],"have":[75],"a":[76],"high":[77],"usability":[78,108],"rating":[79],"cheating.":[81],"able":[85],"score":[87],"higher":[88],"compared":[92],"Answers.":[95],"paradigm":[100],"as":[101],"example":[103],"understand":[105],"perceived":[107],"appropriation":[110],"setting.":[116,128],"provide":[118],"suggestions":[119],"help":[121],"deter":[123],"study":[130],"contributes":[131],"research":[134],"integrity":[137],"demand":[141],"wearable":[143],"technologies.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
