{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2719441880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3098279.3098559","title":"CrowdEyes","display_name":"CrowdEyes","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2719441880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3098279.3098559","mag":"2719441880"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3098279.3098559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3098279.3098559","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3098559&type=pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3098559&type=pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102264865","display_name":"Mohammad Othman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Othman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103552829","display_name":"Telmo Amaral","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Telmo Amaral","raw_affiliation_strings":["Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079050234","display_name":"R\u00f3is\u00edn McNaney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3761-296X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R\u00f3is\u00edn McNaney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066219853","display_name":"Jan David Smeddinck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0562-8473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan D. Smeddinck","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053470577","display_name":"John Vines","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4051-3356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Vines","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015840697","display_name":"Patrick Olivier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2841-7580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Olivier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102264865"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4199,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61711954,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10997","display_name":"Ocular Surface and Contact Lens","score":0.9782000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9726999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsourcing","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","score":0.8160485625267029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7875171899795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eyewear","display_name":"Eyewear","score":0.7364992499351501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6874521374702454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.4865986108779907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pupil","display_name":"Pupil","score":0.46658235788345337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44208601117134094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4317818880081177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.42813509702682495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3682171106338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.08459740877151489}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62230096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","level":2,"score":0.8160485625267029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7875171899795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780527195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5422874","display_name":"Eyewear","level":2,"score":0.7364992499351501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6874521374702454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.4865986108779907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777394604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173318","display_name":"Pupil","level":2,"score":0.46658235788345337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44208601117134094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4317818880081177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.42813509702682495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3682171106338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.08459740877151489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3098279.3098559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3098279.3098559","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3098559&type=pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nrl.northumbria.ac.uk:30853","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401884","display_name":"Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","host_organization_name":"Northumbria University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/e6dc969d-f545-403d-a243-3e85d2f012d2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/e6dc969d-f545-403d-a243-3e85d2f012d2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Othman, M, Amaral, T, McNaney, R, Smeddinck, J D, Vines, J & Olivier, P 2017, CrowdEyes: Crowdsourcing for Robust Real-World Mobile Eye Tracking. in Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services., 18, MobileHCI '17, New York, NY, USA, 19th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services, Vienna, Austria, 4/09/17. https://doi.org/10.1145/3098279.3098559","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/e6dc969d-f545-403d-a243-3e85d2f012d2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11820/e6dc969d-f545-403d-a243-3e85d2f012d2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3098279.3098559","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3098279.3098559","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3098559&type=pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1836293307","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/M023001/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3764933161","display_name":"MyPLACE: Mobility and PLace for the Age-friendly City Environment","funder_award_id":"EP/K037366/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7303258877","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/K037366/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2719441880.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2719441880.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W197849275","https://openalex.org/W1517003397","https://openalex.org/W1580389772","https://openalex.org/W1597110023","https://openalex.org/W1765423497","https://openalex.org/W1831674524","https://openalex.org/W1903008373","https://openalex.org/W1986291329","https://openalex.org/W1997897333","https://openalex.org/W2006428236","https://openalex.org/W2017617273","https://openalex.org/W2042882066","https://openalex.org/W2043033468","https://openalex.org/W2051640321","https://openalex.org/W2067641725","https://openalex.org/W2068287984","https://openalex.org/W2073408573","https://openalex.org/W2081646285","https://openalex.org/W2082490348","https://openalex.org/W2082498363","https://openalex.org/W2086755418","https://openalex.org/W2090234410","https://openalex.org/W2091805034","https://openalex.org/W2095368526","https://openalex.org/W2096704400","https://openalex.org/W2097698747","https://openalex.org/W2107956149","https://openalex.org/W2110764733","https://openalex.org/W2118185621","https://openalex.org/W2118225036","https://openalex.org/W2141888607","https://openalex.org/W2159328288","https://openalex.org/W2161356956","https://openalex.org/W2169250593","https://openalex.org/W2177921452","https://openalex.org/W2204300335","https://openalex.org/W2256808982","https://openalex.org/W2272545788","https://openalex.org/W2397023066","https://openalex.org/W2405370228","https://openalex.org/W2409999048","https://openalex.org/W2412259098","https://openalex.org/W2419312712","https://openalex.org/W2490737928","https://openalex.org/W2605991684","https://openalex.org/W2626610348","https://openalex.org/W3098043036","https://openalex.org/W4293154803"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2133527807","https://openalex.org/W2294000795","https://openalex.org/W2972915848","https://openalex.org/W2972340384","https://openalex.org/W3014431668","https://openalex.org/W2895531758","https://openalex.org/W3016294780","https://openalex.org/W2896085668","https://openalex.org/W2087037288","https://openalex.org/W2055482173"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Current":[0],"eye":[1,33,63],"tracking":[2,64,71],"technologies":[3],"have":[4],"a":[5,44,61,77,87,116],"number":[6],"of":[7,24,94,110,129,151],"drawbacks":[8],"when":[9],"it":[10],"comes":[11],"to":[12,37,100,139],"practical":[13],"use":[14],"in":[15,98,115],"real-world":[16],"settings.":[17],"Common":[18],"challenges,":[19,57],"such":[20],"as":[21,43,133],"high":[22],"levels":[23],"daylight,":[25],"eyewear":[26],"(e.g.":[27],"spectacles":[28],"or":[29],"contact":[30],"lenses)":[31],"and":[32,51,73,127,137,144,149],"make-up,":[34],"give":[35],"rise":[36],"noise":[38],"that":[39,66,89],"undermines":[40],"their":[41],"utility":[42,109],"standard":[45],"component":[46],"for":[47,69,82],"mobile":[48,62],"computing,":[49],"design,":[50],"evaluation.":[52],"To":[53],"work":[54],"around":[55],"these":[56],"we":[58,123],"introduce":[59],"CrowdEyes,":[60],"solution":[65],"utilizes":[67],"crowdsourcing":[68,153],"increased":[70],"accuracy":[72,93,126],"robustness.":[74],"We":[75,105],"present":[76],"pupil":[78,96,102,141],"detection":[79,97,103,142],"task":[80],"design":[81],"crowd":[83,132],"workers":[84],"together":[85],"with":[86],"study":[88],"demonstrates":[90],"the":[91,108,125,131,146],"high-level":[92],"crowdsourced":[95,112],"comparison":[99],"state-of-the-art":[101],"algorithms.":[104],"further":[106],"demonstrate":[107],"our":[111,152],"analysis":[113],"pipeline":[114],"fixation":[117],"tagging":[118],"task.":[119],"In":[120],"this":[121],"paper,":[122],"validate":[124],"robustness":[128],"harnessing":[130],"both":[134],"an":[135],"alternative":[136],"complement":[138],"automated":[140],"algorithms,":[143],"explore":[145],"associated":[147],"costs":[148],"quality":[150],"approach.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2017-06-30T00:00:00"}