{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2739814031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3092919.3092921","title":"Benchmarking non-photorealistic rendering of portraits","display_name":"Benchmarking non-photorealistic rendering of portraits","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2739814031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3092919.3092921","mag":"2739814031"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3092919.3092921","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3092919.3092921","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068129380","display_name":"Paul L. Rosin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-3884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul L. Rosin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiff University, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007423253","display_name":"David Mould","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5779-484X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Mould","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035247528","display_name":"Itamar Berger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138898306","display_name":"Reichman University","ror":"https://ror.org/01px5cv07","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138898306"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Itamar Berger","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138898306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024767797","display_name":"John Collomosse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3580-4685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Collomosse","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Surrey, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Surrey, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067850699","display_name":"Yu\u2010Kun Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2094-5680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Kun Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiff University, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073487856","display_name":"Chuan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4605-7072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086225","display_name":"Lambda Instruments (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00thhxf09","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160406","display_name":"Lambda Science (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04wae4s50","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160406"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lambda Labs, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lambda Labs, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086225","https://openalex.org/I4210160406"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100731472","display_name":"Hua Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9895-689X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hua Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022467818","display_name":"Ariel Shamir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7082-7845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138898306","display_name":"Reichman University","ror":"https://ror.org/01px5cv07","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138898306"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ariel Shamir","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138898306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020719193","display_name":"Michael Wand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0966-7824"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Wand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mainz University, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mainz University, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036188652","display_name":"Tinghuai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7863-3516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738502077","display_name":"Nokia (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/04pkc8m17","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tinghuai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Labs, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Labs, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033989499","display_name":"Holger Winnem\u00f6ller","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306409833","display_name":"Adobe Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059tvcg64","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Holger Winnem\u00f6ller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adobe Systems, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adobe Systems, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306409833"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5962,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83076595,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12650","display_name":"Aesthetic Perception and Analysis","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12650","display_name":"Aesthetic Perception and Analysis","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9789000153541565,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8014362454414368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portrait","display_name":"Portrait","score":0.7274799942970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7006690502166748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.6636103987693787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5375935435295105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.5153124332427979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49232804775238037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4073143005371094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3602553606033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.32734420895576477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08341571688652039}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8014362454414368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162462552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134307","display_name":"Portrait","level":2,"score":0.7274799942970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7006690502166748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.6636103987693787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5375935435295105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.5153124332427979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49232804775238037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4073143005371094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3602553606033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32734420895576477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08341571688652039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3092919.3092921","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3092919.3092921","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:103270","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59380319","https://openalex.org/W69951162","https://openalex.org/W207603511","https://openalex.org/W1480198338","https://openalex.org/W1782590233","https://openalex.org/W1966185718","https://openalex.org/W1979474593","https://openalex.org/W1993935870","https://openalex.org/W1998328904","https://openalex.org/W1999416389","https://openalex.org/W2003046483","https://openalex.org/W2004002123","https://openalex.org/W2019904315","https://openalex.org/W2031215513","https://openalex.org/W2033419168","https://openalex.org/W2053227547","https://openalex.org/W2059269831","https://openalex.org/W2064072235","https://openalex.org/W2086435109","https://openalex.org/W2086827681","https://openalex.org/W2096044434","https://openalex.org/W2097511706","https://openalex.org/W2103560185","https://openalex.org/W2125063476","https://openalex.org/W2135347478","https://openalex.org/W2145287260","https://openalex.org/W2157899060","https://openalex.org/W2160041700","https://openalex.org/W2206362548","https://openalex.org/W2236247158","https://openalex.org/W2275363859","https://openalex.org/W2292976057","https://openalex.org/W2333931080","https://openalex.org/W2346846240","https://openalex.org/W2461455396","https://openalex.org/W2517256444","https://openalex.org/W2518995963","https://openalex.org/W2912832297","https://openalex.org/W2996784711","https://openalex.org/W3101120975","https://openalex.org/W4247811648"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4238897586","https://openalex.org/W435179959","https://openalex.org/W2619091065","https://openalex.org/W2059640416","https://openalex.org/W1490753184","https://openalex.org/W2284465472","https://openalex.org/W2291782699","https://openalex.org/W1993948687","https://openalex.org/W2000169967","https://openalex.org/W4399363378"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,34,58,98],"present":[1],"a":[2,17],"set":[3,19],"of":[4,38,42,53,80,87,116,183],"images":[5,44,89],"for":[6,160],"helping":[7],"NPR":[8],"practitioners":[9],"evaluate":[10],"their":[11],"image-based":[12],"portrait":[13,56],"stylisation":[14,63,67,74],"algorithms.":[15],"Using":[16],"standard":[18],"both":[20],"facilitates":[21],"comparisons":[22],"with":[23],"other":[24],"methods":[25,103],"and":[26,69,150,155],"helps":[27],"ensure":[28],"that":[29,90,100,113],"presented":[30],"results":[31],"are":[32,104],"representative.":[33],"give":[35],"two":[36,65],"levels":[37,182],"difficulty,":[39],"each":[40],"consisting":[41],"20":[43],"selected":[45],"systematically":[46,176],"so":[47],"as":[48,148],"to":[49,76,84,143,151,165,180],"provide":[50,172],"good":[51],"coverage":[52],"several":[54,128],"possible":[55],"characteristics.":[57],"applied":[59],"three":[60],"existing":[61,102],"portrait-specific":[62,96,132,137],"algorithms,":[64,68],"general-purpose":[66,135],"one":[70,115],"general":[71],"learning":[72],"based":[73],"algorithm":[75],"the":[77,81,85,101,117,166,178],"first":[78],"level":[79,114,124],"benchmark,":[82],"corresponding":[83],"type":[86],"constrained":[88],"have":[91,157],"often":[92],"been":[93],"used":[94],"in":[95],"work.":[97],"found":[99],"generally":[105],"effective":[106],"on":[107,175],"this":[108],"new":[109],"image":[110],"set,":[111],"demonstrating":[112],"benchmark":[118,179],"is":[119],"tractable;":[120],"challenges":[121],"remain":[122],"at":[123],"two.":[125],"Results":[126],"revealed":[127],"advantages":[129],"conferred":[130],"by":[131],"algorithms":[133,138],"over":[134],"algorithms:":[136],"can":[139],"use":[140],"domain-specific":[141],"information":[142],"preserve":[144],"key":[145],"details":[146],"such":[147],"eyes":[149],"eliminate":[152],"extraneous":[153],"details,":[154],"they":[156],"more":[158],"scope":[159],"semantically":[161],"meaningful":[162],"abstraction":[163],"due":[164],"underlying":[167],"face":[168],"model.":[169],"Finally,":[170],"we":[171],"some":[173],"thoughts":[174],"extending":[177],"higher":[181],"difficulty.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
