{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2778343541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3086512.3086547","title":"A scalable approach to legal question answering","display_name":"A scalable approach to legal question answering","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2778343541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3086512.3086547","mag":"2778343541"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3086512.3086547","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3086512.3086547","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 16th edition of the International Conference on Articial Intelligence and Law","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058047000","display_name":"Zachary Bennett","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zachary Bennett","raw_affiliation_strings":["LexisNexis"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LexisNexis","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005399950","display_name":"Tony Russell\u2010Rose","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4394-9876"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tony Russell-Rose","raw_affiliation_strings":["LexisNexis"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LexisNexis","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027290215","display_name":"Kate Farmer","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kate Farmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["LexisNexis"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LexisNexis","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058047000"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4153,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7397494,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"269","last_page":"270"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.8678973913192749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7494659423828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexis","display_name":"Lexis","score":0.7180266976356506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6649683713912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6128625869750977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4048980474472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3493851125240326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.21116745471954346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.10857194662094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.0914674699306488}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.8678973913192749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7494659423828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C516687495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3226977","display_name":"Lexis","level":2,"score":0.7180266976356506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6649683713912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6128625869750977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4048980474472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3493851125240326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.21116745471954346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.10857194662094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0914674699306488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3086512.3086547","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3086512.3086547","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 16th edition of the International Conference on Articial Intelligence and Law","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gold.ac.uk:27125","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400496","display_name":"Goldsmiths (University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","host_organization_name":"Queen Mary University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7542544","https://openalex.org/W105621281","https://openalex.org/W2059251185","https://openalex.org/W2103247590","https://openalex.org/W2149427297","https://openalex.org/W4241909569"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4247914209","https://openalex.org/W2391132124","https://openalex.org/W2203758549","https://openalex.org/W3158626579","https://openalex.org/W1516399836","https://openalex.org/W2911312238","https://openalex.org/W1971510095","https://openalex.org/W2918006290","https://openalex.org/W3216743189","https://openalex.org/W2910587311"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lexis":[0],"Answers":[1],"is":[2],"a":[3,9,33],"question":[4],"answering":[5],"service":[6],"deployed":[7],"within":[8],"live":[10],"production":[11],"system.":[12],"In":[13],"this":[14],"paper":[15],"we":[16],"provide":[17],"an":[18,23],"overview":[19],"of":[20,27,36],"the":[21,28],"system,":[22],"insight":[24],"into":[25],"some":[26],"key":[29],"AI":[30],"challenges,":[31],"and":[32],"brief":[34],"description":[35],"current":[37],"evaluation":[38],"techniques.":[39]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
