{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2777269270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3086512.3086533","title":"Formalizing arguments, rules and cases","display_name":"Formalizing arguments, rules and cases","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2777269270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3086512.3086533","mag":"2777269270"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3086512.3086533","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3086512.3086533","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 16th edition of the International Conference on Articial Intelligence and Law","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/a314252a-c009-4bed-a850-f95ede78eb18","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060921040","display_name":"Bart Verheij","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8927-8751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bart Verheij","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Groningen"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Groningen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060921040"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1701,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84765872,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"199","last_page":"208"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generality","display_name":"Generality","score":0.7830113768577576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analogy","display_name":"Analogy","score":0.6652930974960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.622768759727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formalism","display_name":"Formalism (music)","score":0.5369835495948792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/argument","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","score":0.5302474498748779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditionality","display_name":"Conditionality","score":0.45881423354148865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.44319066405296326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premise","display_name":"Premise","score":0.4240565299987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.27509111166000366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.1404222846031189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.1401159167289734}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780767217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532421","display_name":"Generality","level":2,"score":0.7830113768577576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521332185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185816","display_name":"Analogy","level":2,"score":0.6652930974960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.622768759727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73301696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469984","display_name":"Formalism (music)","level":3,"score":0.5369835495948792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5302474498748779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781205572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380245","display_name":"Conditionality","level":3,"score":0.45881423354148865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.44319066405296326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778023277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321703","display_name":"Premise","level":2,"score":0.4240565299987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.27509111166000366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.1404222846031189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1401159167289734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3086512.3086533","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3086512.3086533","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 16th edition of the International Conference on Articial Intelligence and Law","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:openaire/a314252a-c009-4bed-a850-f95ede78eb18","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/a314252a-c009-4bed-a850-f95ede78eb18","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Verheij, B 2017, Formalizing Arguments, Rules and Cases. in ICAIL '17 : Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Artificial int. Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, vol. 10, Association for Computing Machinery, London, pp. 199-208. https://doi.org/10.1145/3086512.3086533","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:openaire/a314252a-c009-4bed-a850-f95ede78eb18","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/a314252a-c009-4bed-a850-f95ede78eb18","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Verheij, B 2017, Formalizing Arguments, Rules and Cases. in ICAIL '17 : Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Artificial int. Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law, vol. 10, Association for Computing Machinery, London, pp. 199-208. https://doi.org/10.1145/3086512.3086533","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W24106767","https://openalex.org/W129283682","https://openalex.org/W319736696","https://openalex.org/W560017174","https://openalex.org/W581684831","https://openalex.org/W595303762","https://openalex.org/W1486267044","https://openalex.org/W1514637386","https://openalex.org/W1518249528","https://openalex.org/W1520594178","https://openalex.org/W1539618770","https://openalex.org/W1686779877","https://openalex.org/W1936596455","https://openalex.org/W1953136326","https://openalex.org/W1965774555","https://openalex.org/W1976902801","https://openalex.org/W1979535273","https://openalex.org/W1989986473","https://openalex.org/W2003066662","https://openalex.org/W2003805585","https://openalex.org/W2024102269","https://openalex.org/W2024318497","https://openalex.org/W2029896775","https://openalex.org/W2032974234","https://openalex.org/W2039020269","https://openalex.org/W2040000954","https://openalex.org/W2042702269","https://openalex.org/W2048600620","https://openalex.org/W2051784609","https://openalex.org/W2052916539","https://openalex.org/W2069176561","https://openalex.org/W2080142817","https://openalex.org/W2087843564","https://openalex.org/W2104126268","https://openalex.org/W2111542911","https://openalex.org/W2114288113","https://openalex.org/W2115089538","https://openalex.org/W2116246756","https://openalex.org/W2118223814","https://openalex.org/W2145918162","https://openalex.org/W2152212999","https://openalex.org/W2153909792","https://openalex.org/W2156156961","https://openalex.org/W2158309618","https://openalex.org/W2167543484","https://openalex.org/W2416669081","https://openalex.org/W2519350072","https://openalex.org/W2545117963","https://openalex.org/W2550619487","https://openalex.org/W2576125345","https://openalex.org/W2594682492","https://openalex.org/W2608239929","https://openalex.org/W2678900356","https://openalex.org/W4205517978","https://openalex.org/W4241923257","https://openalex.org/W4250868552","https://openalex.org/W4255069422","https://openalex.org/W4256682192","https://openalex.org/W4388298880"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007493167","https://openalex.org/W3124264489","https://openalex.org/W1561617563","https://openalex.org/W24634110","https://openalex.org/W2012331862","https://openalex.org/W2122439870","https://openalex.org/W3186897805","https://openalex.org/W2089801293","https://openalex.org/W2071752982","https://openalex.org/W2079200374"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Legal":[0],"argument":[1],"is":[2],"typically":[3],"backed":[4],"by":[5,141],"two":[6],"kinds":[7],"of":[8,21,70,146,175],"sources:":[9],"cases":[10,25,48,102],"and":[11,24,58,81,99,106,123,134,150],"rules.":[12],"In":[13,29,85,156],"much":[14],"AI":[15],"&":[16],"Law":[17],"research,":[18],"the":[19,32,37,51,66,86,97,139,147,166],"formalization":[20],"arguments,":[22],"rules":[23,57],"has":[26,74],"been":[27,75],"investigated.":[28],"this":[30,157],"paper,":[31,88],"tight":[33],"formal":[34],"connections":[35],"between":[36,101],"three":[38],"are":[39],"developed":[40],"further,":[41],"in":[42,61,112,152,173],"an":[43],"attempt":[44],"to":[45,78,93,116,127],"show":[46],"that":[47,73],"can":[49,103,109,170],"provide":[50],"logical":[52],"basis":[53],"for":[54],"establishing":[55],"which":[56],"arguments":[59,108,149],"hold":[60],"a":[62,143],"domain.":[63],"We":[64,137],"use":[65],"recently":[67],"proposed":[68],"formalism":[69],"case":[71,144],"models,":[72],"applied":[76],"previously":[77],"evidential":[79],"reasoning":[80],"ethical":[82],"systems":[83],"design.":[84],"present":[87],"we":[89,119,130,159],"discuss":[90,120,131],"with":[91],"respect":[92,115,126],"case-based":[94],"modeling":[95],"how":[96,107,161],"analogy":[98],"distinction":[100],"be":[104,110,171],"modeled,":[105],"grounded":[111],"cases.":[113,176],"With":[114,125],"rule-based":[117,148,163],"modeling,":[118,129],"conditionality,":[121],"generality":[122],"chaining.":[124],"argument-based":[128],"rebutting,":[132],"undercutting":[133],"undermining":[135],"attack.":[136],"evaluate":[138],"approach":[140],"developing":[142],"model":[145],"attacks":[151],"Dutch":[153],"tort":[154],"law.":[155],"way,":[158],"illustrate":[160],"statutory,":[162],"law":[164,168],"from":[165],"civil":[167],"tradition":[169],"formalized":[172],"terms":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}