{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3127055666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3084693.3089807","title":"The IDAR Graph","display_name":"The IDAR Graph","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3127055666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3084693.3089807","mag":"3127055666"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3084693.3089807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3084693.3089807","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3084693.3089807","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45584542","display_name":"Queue","issn_l":"1542-7730","issn":["1542-7730","1542-7749"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Queue","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3084693.3089807","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087174772","display_name":"Mark A. Overton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138135","display_name":"Northrop Grumman (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/043wc6127","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2948394018","https://openalex.org/I4210138135"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mark A. Overton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northrop Grumman Company"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northrop Grumman Company","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138135"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087174772"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138135"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.3514052,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"29","last_page":"48"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.76463782787323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unified-modeling-language","display_name":"Unified Modeling Language","score":0.6983015537261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applications-of-uml","display_name":"Applications of UML","score":0.6763980388641357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.5580797791481018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.500023365020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uml-tool","display_name":"UML tool","score":0.4965398907661438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4882662296295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-diagram","display_name":"Class diagram","score":0.4736536741256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4604770243167877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.43451473116874695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporation","display_name":"Corporation","score":0.4109862148761749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.33908307552337646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.26238441467285156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15284878015518188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.07292422652244568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.07222309708595276}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.76463782787323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145644426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169411","display_name":"Unified Modeling Language","level":3,"score":0.6983015537261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41298492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781506","display_name":"Applications of UML","level":4,"score":0.6763980388641357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.5580797791481018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.500023365020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146939238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2467310","display_name":"UML tool","level":4,"score":0.4965398907661438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4882662296295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202446494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664166","display_name":"Class diagram","level":4,"score":0.4736536741256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4604770243167877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.43451473116874695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167037","display_name":"Corporation","level":2,"score":0.4109862148761749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.33908307552337646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.26238441467285156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15284878015518188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.07292422652244568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.07222309708595276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3084693.3089807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3084693.3089807","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3084693.3089807","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45584542","display_name":"Queue","issn_l":"1542-7730","issn":["1542-7730","1542-7749"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Queue","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3084693.3089807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3084693.3089807","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3084693.3089807","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45584542","display_name":"Queue","issn_l":"1542-7730","issn":["1542-7730","1542-7749"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Queue","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3127055666.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3127055666.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998017916","https://openalex.org/W2077063507","https://openalex.org/W2111929254","https://openalex.org/W4242608241","https://openalex.org/W4254691308"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2387087283","https://openalex.org/W2139608660","https://openalex.org/W2112630554","https://openalex.org/W2359043774","https://openalex.org/W2103939680","https://openalex.org/W2908933429","https://openalex.org/W2101953902","https://openalex.org/W1981740698","https://openalex.org/W2359526101","https://openalex.org/W1968959699"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"UML":[0,45,83,97],"is":[1,39],"the":[2,73],"de":[3],"facto":[4],"standard":[5],"for":[6],"representing":[7],"object-oriented":[8],"designs.":[9],"It":[10],"does":[11],"a":[12,21,56,61],"fine":[13],"job":[14],"of":[15,60,69,87,96],"recording":[16],"designs,":[17],"but":[18],"it":[19],"has":[20,84],"severe":[22],"problem:":[23],"its":[24,109],"diagrams":[25],"don\u2019t":[26],"convey":[27],"what":[28],"humans":[29],"need":[30],"to":[31,36,102,116],"know,":[32],"making":[33],"them":[34],"hard":[35],"understand.":[37],"This":[38],"why":[40],"most":[41],"software":[42],"developers":[43],"use":[44],"only":[46],"when":[47],"forced":[48],"to.":[49],"People":[50],"understand":[51],"an":[52,67],"organization,":[53],"such":[54],"as":[55],"corporation,":[57],"in":[58,93,126],"terms":[59],"control":[62,107],"hierarchy.":[63],"When":[64],"faced":[65],"with":[66],"organization":[68],"people":[70],"or":[71,105],"objects,":[72],"first":[74],"question":[75],"usually":[76],"is,":[77],"\"What\u2019s":[78],"controlling":[79,90],"all":[80],"this?\"":[81],"Surprisingly,":[82],"no":[85,99],"concept":[86],"one":[88],"object":[89,100],"another.":[91],"Consequently,":[92],"every":[94],"type":[95],"diagram,":[98],"appears":[101],"have":[103],"greater":[104],"lesser":[106],"than":[108],"neighbors.":[110],"These":[111],"problems":[112],"mean":[113],"designs":[114],"tend":[115],"become":[117],"messy":[118],"during":[119],"both":[120],"initial":[121],"implementation":[122],"and":[123,129],"maintenance,":[124],"resulting":[125],"more":[127],"bugs":[128],"delays.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2021-02-15T00:00:00"}