{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2611626712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3078633.3081040","title":"Adaptive optimization for OpenCL programs on embedded heterogeneous systems","display_name":"Adaptive optimization for OpenCL programs on embedded heterogeneous systems","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2611626712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3078633.3081040","mag":"2611626712"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3078633.3081040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3078633.3081040","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED Conference on Languages, Compilers, and Tools for Embedded Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/85921/1/submitted.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005781775","display_name":"Ben Taylor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1089-6886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lancaster University, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lancaster University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037544057","display_name":"Vicent Sanz Marco","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vicent Sanz Marco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lancaster University, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lancaster University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100401045","display_name":"Zheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6157-0662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lancaster University, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lancaster University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.7106,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98779364,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"11","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9178522825241089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.6254020929336548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symmetric-multiprocessor-system","display_name":"Symmetric multiprocessor system","score":0.5559626817703247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schedule","display_name":"Schedule","score":0.5531646609306335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5514859557151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5299882292747498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5076793432235718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.49027732014656067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/runtime-system","display_name":"Runtime system","score":0.4769377112388611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.46484795212745667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.42946162819862366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-core-processor","display_name":"Multi-core processor","score":0.4292968809604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.19887962937355042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.14754483103752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13585785031318665}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9178522825241089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6254020929336548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172430144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17111997","display_name":"Symmetric multiprocessor system","level":2,"score":0.5559626817703247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.5531646609306335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5514859557151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5299882292747498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5076793432235718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.49027732014656067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780870223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1004415","display_name":"Runtime system","level":2,"score":0.4769377112388611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.46484795212745667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.42946162819862366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78766204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555032","display_name":"Multi-core processor","level":2,"score":0.4292968809604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.19887962937355042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.14754483103752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13585785031318665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3078633.3081040","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3078633.3081040","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 18th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED Conference on Languages, Compilers, and Tools for Embedded Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:85921","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/85921/1/submitted.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:85921","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/85921/1/submitted.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3056170115","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/M01567X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G369688390","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/M015793/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6734564922","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/M01567X/1, EP/M015793/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2611626712.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2611626712.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25746047","https://openalex.org/W1442104222","https://openalex.org/W1504384386","https://openalex.org/W1552624537","https://openalex.org/W1558412961","https://openalex.org/W1564285798","https://openalex.org/W1982020565","https://openalex.org/W1987564528","https://openalex.org/W1989562524","https://openalex.org/W1991592471","https://openalex.org/W1993508117","https://openalex.org/W2004274762","https://openalex.org/W2020667374","https://openalex.org/W2033139628","https://openalex.org/W2056579078","https://openalex.org/W2069839015","https://openalex.org/W2070897293","https://openalex.org/W2077143534","https://openalex.org/W2080592089","https://openalex.org/W2083304636","https://openalex.org/W2090066236","https://openalex.org/W2093043622","https://openalex.org/W2103397328","https://openalex.org/W2108347055","https://openalex.org/W2149452338","https://openalex.org/W2160241055","https://openalex.org/W2166536280","https://openalex.org/W2169049902","https://openalex.org/W2240198774","https://openalex.org/W2253827954","https://openalex.org/W2266773695","https://openalex.org/W2270323267","https://openalex.org/W2273440736","https://openalex.org/W2298427740","https://openalex.org/W2413606589","https://openalex.org/W2422546803","https://openalex.org/W2525951180","https://openalex.org/W2530879419","https://openalex.org/W2532946713","https://openalex.org/W2565684518","https://openalex.org/W2577709450","https://openalex.org/W2581065617","https://openalex.org/W2586408124","https://openalex.org/W2618440624","https://openalex.org/W3103903655","https://openalex.org/W3104331387","https://openalex.org/W4238816702","https://openalex.org/W4244327494","https://openalex.org/W4253076565"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2074886298","https://openalex.org/W4206432387","https://openalex.org/W2151741062","https://openalex.org/W2473588286","https://openalex.org/W2048968534","https://openalex.org/W2785820621","https://openalex.org/W153259801","https://openalex.org/W2762992606","https://openalex.org/W3186309308","https://openalex.org/W2072208258"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Heterogeneous":[0],"multi-core":[1],"architectures":[2,15],"consisting":[3],"of":[4,44,114,159,169,187],"CPUs":[5],"and":[6,41,46,101,105,156,173,200,208],"GPUs":[7],"are":[8],"commonplace":[9],"in":[10],"today\u2019s":[11],"embedded":[12],"systems.":[13],"These":[14],"offer":[16],"potential":[17,34],"for":[18,61,118,138,204],"energy":[19,73,206,210],"efficient":[20],"computing":[21],"if":[22],"the":[23,29,39,98,102,109,135,144,160,188,209],"application":[24],"task":[25,220],"is":[26,35,69,81],"mapped":[27],"to":[28,38,54,90,94,96,126,147,166,215],"right":[30],"core.":[31],"Realizing":[32],"such":[33],"challenging":[36],"due":[37],"complex":[40],"evolving":[42],"nature":[43],"hardware":[45],"applications.":[47],"This":[48,80],"paper":[49],"presents":[50],"an":[51,177],"automatic":[52],"approach":[53,89,165,183],"map":[55],"OpenCL":[56,99,149,171,219],"kernels":[57,150],"onto":[58],"heterogeneous":[59],"multi-cores":[60],"a":[62,76,85,116,128,167,192,216],"given":[63],"optimization":[64,120,136],"criterion":[65],"\u2013":[66],"whether":[67],"it":[68,175],"faster":[70],"runtime,":[71,205],"lower":[72],"consumption":[74,207],"or":[75],"trade-off":[77],"between":[78],"them.":[79],"achieved":[82],"by":[83,191],"developing":[84],"machine":[86,124],"learning":[87,125],"based":[88,153],"predict":[91],"which":[92],"processor":[93,110],"use":[95,123],"run":[97],"kernel":[100],"host":[103],"program,":[104],"at":[106,151],"what":[107],"frequency":[108],"should":[111],"operate.":[112],"Instead":[113],"hand-tuning":[115],"model":[117],"each":[119,139],"metric,":[121],"we":[122],"develop":[127],"unified":[129],"framework":[130],"that":[131],"first":[132],"automatically":[133],"learns":[134],"heuristic":[137],"metric":[140],"off-line,":[141],"then":[142],"uses":[143],"learned":[145],"knowledge":[146],"schedule":[148],"runtime":[152,157],"on":[154,176,196],"code":[155],"information":[158],"program.":[161],"We":[162],"apply":[163],"our":[164],"set":[168],"representative":[170],"benchmarks":[172],"evaluate":[174],"ARM":[178],"big.LITTLE":[179],"mobile":[180],"platform.":[181],"Our":[182],"achieves":[184],"over":[185],"93%":[186],"performance":[189],"delivered":[190],"perfect":[193],"predictor.We":[194],"obtain,":[195],"average,":[197],"1.2x,":[198],"1.6x,":[199],"1.8x":[201],"improvement":[202],"respectively":[203],"delay":[211],"product":[212],"when":[213],"compared":[214],"comparative":[217],"heterogeneous-aware":[218],"mapping":[221],"scheme.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
