{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2740807107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3077136.3080748","title":"Layout and Semantics","display_name":"Layout and Semantics","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2740807107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3077136.3080748","mag":"2740807107"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3077136.3080748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3077136.3080748","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 40th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025444128","display_name":"Kenny Davila","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6308-7113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenny Davila","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084564610","display_name":"Richard Zanibbi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5921-9750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Zanibbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4318,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95834091,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1165","last_page":"1168"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13523","display_name":"Mathematics, Computing, and Information Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13523","display_name":"Mathematics, Computing, and Information Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7893306016921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.6848748326301575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.6635184288024902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.6472971439361572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-to-rank","display_name":"Learning to rank","score":0.5998207926750183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.5988985896110535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.5833449959754944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.5771523118019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5575117468833923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.514851987361908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5094040036201477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rank","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","score":0.48049843311309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-similarity","display_name":"Semantic similarity","score":0.4717336893081665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-matching","display_name":"Semantic matching","score":0.4222142696380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38461440801620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3545306324958801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18229427933692932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.14033189415931702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.11246329545974731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.06792759895324707}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7893306016921997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.6848748326301575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6635184288024902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.6472971439361572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86037889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4330127","display_name":"Learning to rank","level":3,"score":0.5998207926750183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5988985896110535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5833449959754944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.5771523118019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5575117468833923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.514851987361908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5094040036201477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.48049843311309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130318100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268914","display_name":"Semantic similarity","level":2,"score":0.4717336893081665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778493491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449072","display_name":"Semantic matching","level":3,"score":0.4222142696380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38461440801620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3545306324958801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18229427933692932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.14033189415931702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11246329545974731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.06792759895324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3077136.3080748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3077136.3080748","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 40th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4377380000","display_name":"HCC: Small: AccessMath: Improving Mathematics Lectures for Low Vision Students through Integrated Video, Note-Taking and Search","funder_award_id":"1218801","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501292707","https://openalex.org/W1536314643","https://openalex.org/W1620710625","https://openalex.org/W1973435495","https://openalex.org/W2031071334","https://openalex.org/W2072193005","https://openalex.org/W2149427297","https://openalex.org/W2184208708","https://openalex.org/W2319050966","https://openalex.org/W2340997632","https://openalex.org/W2406680134","https://openalex.org/W2409722449","https://openalex.org/W2492191511","https://openalex.org/W2588248727","https://openalex.org/W2593915113","https://openalex.org/W2594060571","https://openalex.org/W2594301182","https://openalex.org/W2594832727","https://openalex.org/W2952061865","https://openalex.org/W6734395995"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3127142483","https://openalex.org/W4385565564","https://openalex.org/W2138488530","https://openalex.org/W2898073868","https://openalex.org/W2971071571","https://openalex.org/W2798835721","https://openalex.org/W2387658907","https://openalex.org/W2922169395","https://openalex.org/W2572125165","https://openalex.org/W2385796165"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Math-aware":[0],"search":[1],"engines":[2],"need":[3],"to":[4],"support":[5],"formulae":[6],"in":[7,79],"queries.":[8],"Mathematical":[9],"expressions":[10],"are":[11,67,75],"typically":[12],"represented":[13],"as":[14,108],"trees":[15],"defining":[16],"their":[17],"operational":[18],"semantics":[19],"or":[20],"visual":[21],"layout.":[22],"We":[23],"propose":[24],"searching":[25],"both":[26],"formula":[27],"representations":[28,74,107],"using":[29,38,69,77],"a":[30,49],"three-layer":[31],"model.":[32],"The":[33,45,72],"first":[34],"layer":[35,47,98],"selects":[36],"candidates":[37,52],"spectral":[39],"matching":[40],"over":[41,84],"tree":[42],"node":[43],"pairs.":[44],"second":[46],"aligns":[48],"query":[50],"with":[51],"and":[53,82,102,112],"computes":[54],"similarity":[55,65,85],"scores":[56,66],"based":[57],"on":[58],"structural":[59],"matching.":[60],"In":[61],"the":[62],"third":[63],"layer,":[64],"combined":[68,76],"linear":[70],"regression.":[71],"two":[73],"retrieval":[78],"parallel":[80],"indices":[81],"regression":[83],"scores.":[86,114],"For":[87],"NTCIR-12":[88],"Wikipedia":[89],"Formula":[90],"Browsing":[91],"task":[92],"relevance":[93],"rankings,":[94],"we":[95],"see":[96],"each":[97],"increasing":[99],"ranking":[100],"quality":[101],"improved":[103],"results":[104],"when":[105],"combining":[106],"measured":[109],"by":[110],"Bpref":[111],"nDCG":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
