{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2740069864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3077136.3080729","title":"Gauging the Quality of Relevance Assessments using Inter-Rater Agreement","display_name":"Gauging the Quality of Relevance Assessments using Inter-Rater Agreement","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2740069864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3077136.3080729","mag":"2740069864"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3077136.3080729","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3077136.3080729","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 40th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008446102","display_name":"Tadele T. Damessie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tadele T. Damessie","raw_affiliation_strings":["RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086203274","display_name":"Thao P. Nghiem","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thao P. Nghiem","raw_affiliation_strings":["RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085925326","display_name":"Falk Scholer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9094-0810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Falk Scholer","raw_affiliation_strings":["RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070937840","display_name":"J. Shane Culpepper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1902-9087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Shane Culpepper","raw_affiliation_strings":["RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3518,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90364061,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1089","last_page":"1092"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9746999740600586,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsourcing","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","score":0.8275159597396851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.8164864182472229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6267010569572449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.6037105321884155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5880574584007263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.48548582196235657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.44254568219184875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inter-rater-reliability","display_name":"Inter-rater reliability","score":0.4288303554058075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rank","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","score":0.4202847182750702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.41932815313339233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.41622093319892883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.29094821214675903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.26445186138153076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2346956431865692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.119341641664505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rating-scale","display_name":"Rating scale","score":0.10302776098251343}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62230096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","level":2,"score":0.8275159597396851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.8164864182472229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6267010569572449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6037105321884155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5880574584007263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.48548582196235657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.44254568219184875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61863361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q470749","display_name":"Inter-rater reliability","level":3,"score":0.4288303554058075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4202847182750702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.41932815313339233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.41622093319892883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.29094821214675903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.26445186138153076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2346956431865692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.119341641664505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7295720","display_name":"Rating scale","level":2,"score":0.10302776098251343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3077136.3080729","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3077136.3080729","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 40th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.61RMIT_INST:11247258040001341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP170102231","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402074","display_name":"RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","host_organization_name":"RMIT University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/27399723","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/27399723","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1444168786","https://openalex.org/W1592933613","https://openalex.org/W1965642307","https://openalex.org/W1982149803","https://openalex.org/W1999460227","https://openalex.org/W2004737172","https://openalex.org/W2008285050","https://openalex.org/W2026969101","https://openalex.org/W2039017419","https://openalex.org/W2053528567","https://openalex.org/W2061504941","https://openalex.org/W2094607109","https://openalex.org/W2120308175","https://openalex.org/W2150136235","https://openalex.org/W2469056188","https://openalex.org/W2515377091","https://openalex.org/W2559342890","https://openalex.org/W4255321213"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3032998312","https://openalex.org/W135177976","https://openalex.org/W4384486036","https://openalex.org/W1503094549","https://openalex.org/W2337920774","https://openalex.org/W4286908577","https://openalex.org/W2886410948","https://openalex.org/W2025875869","https://openalex.org/W4318823662","https://openalex.org/W3160516639"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,107],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"gathering":[3,49],"relevance":[4,67,233],"judgments":[5,19,52,103,116,198,234,250],"through":[6,79,85],"non-topic":[7],"originators":[8],"has":[9],"become":[10],"an":[11],"increasingly":[12],"important":[13],"problem":[14],"in":[15,39,172,214],"Information":[16],"Retrieval.":[17],"Relevance":[18],"can":[20,104,224],"be":[21,225],"used":[22,226],"to":[23,34,48,147,162,176,227,247],"measure":[24],"the":[25,55,59,62,99,102,113,133,166,177,215,230],"effectiveness":[26],"of":[27,61,101,115,121,151,165,190,195,217,232],"a":[28,74,80,91,129,154,169,173,187,193],"system,":[29],"and":[30,71,95,98,135,156,201,239],"are":[31,137,244],"often":[32],"needed":[33],"build":[35],"supervised":[36],"learning":[37],"models":[38],"learning-to-rank":[40],"retrieval":[41],"systems.":[42],"The":[43],"two":[44,138],"most":[45],"popular":[46],"approaches":[47],"bronze":[50,122],"level":[51,189],"-":[53,77],"where":[54,143,158],"judge":[56,148,163],"is":[57,68,72,78,128],"not":[58,73],"originator":[60],"information":[63],"need":[64],"for":[65,153],"which":[66],"being":[69,252],"assessed,":[70],"topic":[75],"expert":[76],"controlled":[81,130,241],"user":[82,242],"study,":[83],"or":[84],"crowdsourcing.":[86],"However,":[87],"judging":[88],"comes":[89],"at":[90],"cost":[92],"(in":[93],"time,":[94],"usually":[96],"money)":[97],"quality":[100,231],"vary":[105],"widely.":[106],"this":[108],"work,":[109],"we":[110],"directly":[111],"compare":[112],"reliability":[114],"using":[117],"three":[118],"different":[119,139],"types":[120],"assessor":[123],"groups.":[124],"Our":[125,180],"first":[126],"group":[127],"Lab":[131,178,184],"group;":[132],"second":[134],"third":[136],"crowdsourcing":[140],"groups,":[141],"CF-Document":[142,202],"assessors":[144,185,223],"were":[145,160],"free":[146],"any":[149],"number":[150],"documents":[152,167],"topic,":[155,171],"CF-Topic":[157,200],"judges":[159],"required":[161],"all":[164],"from":[168,236],"single":[170],"manner":[174],"similar":[175],"group.":[179],"study":[181],"shows":[182],"that":[183,213,240],"exhibit":[186],"higher":[188],"agreement":[191,205,221],"with":[192],"set":[194],"ground":[196,218],"truth":[197,219],"than":[199],"assessors.":[203],"Inter-rater":[204],"rates":[206],"show":[207],"analogous":[208],"trends.":[209],"These":[210],"finding":[211],"suggests":[212],"absence":[216],"data,":[220],"between":[222],"reliably":[228],"gauge":[229],"gathered":[235],"secondary":[237],"assessors,":[238],"studies":[243],"more":[245,253],"likely":[246],"produce":[248],"reliable":[249],"despite":[251],"costly.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
