{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2738058362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3072959.3073704","title":"Aether","display_name":"Aether","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2738058362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3072959.3073704","mag":"2738058362"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3072959.3073704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3072959.3073704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-01676191","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091640506","display_name":"Luke Anderson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126820664","display_name":"Vassar College","ror":"https://ror.org/022x6qg61","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126820664"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luke Anderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT CSAIL","CSAIL - Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory [Cambridge] (The Stata Center, Building 32 32 Vassar Street Cambridge, MA 02139 - United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT CSAIL","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSAIL - Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory [Cambridge] (The Stata Center, Building 32 32 Vassar Street Cambridge, MA 02139 - United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126820664"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030293104","display_name":"Tzu\u2010Mao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-470X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126820664","display_name":"Vassar College","ror":"https://ror.org/022x6qg61","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126820664"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tzu-Mao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT CSAIL","CSAIL - Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory [Cambridge] (The Stata Center, Building 32 32 Vassar Street Cambridge, MA 02139 - United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT CSAIL","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSAIL - Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory [Cambridge] (The Stata Center, Building 32 32 Vassar Street Cambridge, MA 02139 - United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126820664"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103009697","display_name":"Jaakko Lehtinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9418-4944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127875","display_name":"Nvidia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaakko Lehtinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aalto University and NVIDIA","NVIDIA - NVIDIA (United States)","Aalto University (P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto - Finland)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University and NVIDIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVIDIA - NVIDIA (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aalto University (P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto - Finland)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075155488","display_name":"Fr\u00e9do Durand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9919-069X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126820664","display_name":"Vassar College","ror":"https://ror.org/022x6qg61","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126820664"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fr\u00e9do Durand","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT CSAIL and Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d'Azur","CSAIL - Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory [Cambridge] (The Stata Center, Building 32 32 Vassar Street Cambridge, MA 02139 - United States)","GRAPHDECO - GRAPHics and DEsign with hEterogeneous COntent (France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT CSAIL and Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d'Azur","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSAIL - Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory [Cambridge] (The Stata Center, Building 32 32 Vassar Street Cambridge, MA 02139 - United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126820664"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GRAPHDECO - GRAPHics and DEsign with hEterogeneous COntent (France)","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":42.5068,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":108,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9989418,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9850999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8592702746391296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.7146402597427368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.6873490810394287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-tracing","display_name":"Path tracing","score":0.5875763893127441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5012474060058594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.4911338984966278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.47013363242149353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.465257465839386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4640222191810608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.44485634565353394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.4386245608329773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-specific-language","display_name":"Domain-specific language","score":0.42685115337371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/importance-sampling","display_name":"Importance sampling","score":0.4256264567375183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3772408664226532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3542090058326721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23377642035484314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.10375121235847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07872754335403442}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8592702746391296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.7146402597427368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.6873490810394287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110541219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72948","display_name":"Path tracing","level":3,"score":0.5875763893127441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5012474060058594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.4911338984966278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.47013363242149353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.465257465839386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4640222191810608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44485634565353394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.4386245608329773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135257023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691358","display_name":"Domain-specific language","level":2,"score":0.42685115337371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52740198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1539564","display_name":"Importance sampling","level":3,"score":0.4256264567375183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3772408664226532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3542090058326721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23377642035484314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.10375121235847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07872754335403442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3072959.3073704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3072959.3073704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01676191v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-01676191","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics, 2017, 36 (4), pp.1 - 16. ⟨10.1145/3072959.3073704⟩","raw_type":"Journal articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/122620","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Prof. Durand via Phoebe Ayers","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01676191v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-01676191","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics, 2017, 36 (4), pp.1 - 16. ⟨10.1145/3072959.3073704⟩","raw_type":"Journal articles"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322622","display_name":"Toyota Motor Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/02zqm6r10"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W174441044","https://openalex.org/W1797096580","https://openalex.org/W1890754682","https://openalex.org/W1974568352","https://openalex.org/W1976454752","https://openalex.org/W1986743298","https://openalex.org/W2008693968","https://openalex.org/W2008870867","https://openalex.org/W2027979483","https://openalex.org/W2033102965","https://openalex.org/W2038630728","https://openalex.org/W2040093013","https://openalex.org/W2040510994","https://openalex.org/W2082211440","https://openalex.org/W2104814486","https://openalex.org/W2113288858","https://openalex.org/W2115373434","https://openalex.org/W2129364310","https://openalex.org/W2138624212","https://openalex.org/W2142380402","https://openalex.org/W2156976692","https://openalex.org/W2168471197","https://openalex.org/W2170694982","https://openalex.org/W2488023001","https://openalex.org/W2912424718","https://openalex.org/W2913602891","https://openalex.org/W4205996876","https://openalex.org/W4231407972","https://openalex.org/W4235919513","https://openalex.org/W4245933748","https://openalex.org/W4252981580","https://openalex.org/W4302340922","https://openalex.org/W6660578099"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2043557177","https://openalex.org/W2349351862","https://openalex.org/W4242687015","https://openalex.org/W2123398485","https://openalex.org/W4317440205","https://openalex.org/W4378805578","https://openalex.org/W2000438891","https://openalex.org/W2952666320","https://openalex.org/W2141816486","https://openalex.org/W2347463717"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Implementing":[0],"Monte":[1,45],"Carlo":[2,46],"integration":[3],"requires":[4],"significant":[5],"domain":[6,41],"expertise.":[7],"While":[8],"simple":[9],"samplers,":[10],"such":[11,22],"as":[12,23,79,81,121,123],"unidirectional":[13],"path":[14,25],"tracing,":[15],"are":[16,30],"relatively":[17],"forgiving,":[18],"more":[19],"complex":[20],"algorithms,":[21],"bidirectional":[24],"tracing":[26],"or":[27],"Metropolis":[28],"methods,":[29],"notoriously":[31],"difficult":[32],"to":[33],"implement":[34],"correctly.":[35],"We":[36,108],"propose":[37],"Aether,":[38],"an":[39],"embedded":[40],"specific":[42],"language":[43,92,114],"for":[44,51,76,98],"integration,":[47],"which":[48,127],"offers":[49],"primitives":[50],"writing":[52,65],"concise":[53],"and":[54,57,85],"correct-by-construction":[55],"sampling":[56,66,89],"probability":[58],"code.":[59],"The":[60],"user":[61],"is":[62],"tasked":[63],"with":[64],"code,":[67],"while":[68],"our":[69],"compiler":[70],"automatically":[71],"generates":[72],"the":[73,82,102,110,113],"code":[74],"necessary":[75],"evaluating":[77],"PDFs":[78],"well":[80,122],"book":[83],"keeping":[84],"combination":[86],"of":[87,96,104,112],"multiple":[88],"strategies.":[90],"Our":[91],"focuses":[93],"on":[94],"ease":[95],"implementation":[97],"rapid":[99],"exploration,":[100],"at":[101],"cost":[103],"run":[105],"time":[106],"performance.":[107],"demonstrate":[109],"effectiveness":[111],"by":[115],"implementing":[116],"several":[117],"challenging":[118],"rendering":[119],"algorithms":[120],"a":[124],"new":[125],"algorithm,":[126],"would":[128],"otherwise":[129],"be":[130],"prohibitively":[131],"difficult.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2017-07-31T00:00:00"}