{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2737884257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3072959.3073648","title":"Shader components","display_name":"Shader components","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2737884257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3072959.3073648","mag":"2737884257"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3072959.3073648","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3072959.3073648","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100342968","display_name":"Yong He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6752-1757"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030522947","display_name":"Theresa Foley","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theresa Foley","raw_affiliation_strings":["NVIDIA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVIDIA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029333232","display_name":"Teguh Hofstee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1808-6282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teguh Hofstee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010905831","display_name":"Haomin Long","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haomin Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037444018","display_name":"Kayvon Fatahalian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8754-0429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kayvon Fatahalian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1727,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9512722,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shader","display_name":"Shader","score":0.9861050844192505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8441588878631592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics-pipeline","display_name":"Graphics pipeline","score":0.6026415824890137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.5288680195808411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.4624263644218445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics-hardware","display_name":"Graphics hardware","score":0.41108042001724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.33176660537719727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.3107166588306427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-computer-graphics","display_name":"3D computer graphics","score":0.19466322660446167}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177681979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633182","display_name":"Shader","level":3,"score":0.9861050844192505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8441588878631592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173552908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366289","display_name":"Graphics pipeline","level":4,"score":0.6026415824890137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.5288680195808411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.4624263644218445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18945957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5597193","display_name":"Graphics hardware","level":3,"score":0.41108042001724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.33176660537719727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.3107166588306427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66629338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189177","display_name":"3D computer graphics","level":3,"score":0.19466322660446167}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3072959.3073648","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3072959.3073648","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1768902489","display_name":"CAREER: Automatic Generation of High Efficiency Graphics Systems","funder_award_id":"1253530","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W148958015","https://openalex.org/W1566764900","https://openalex.org/W1965387308","https://openalex.org/W2064716837","https://openalex.org/W2065215368","https://openalex.org/W2068499242","https://openalex.org/W2118588333","https://openalex.org/W2146070876","https://openalex.org/W2155365836","https://openalex.org/W2168741151","https://openalex.org/W2169706611","https://openalex.org/W2294911930","https://openalex.org/W2461384540","https://openalex.org/W3013471013","https://openalex.org/W4241667468","https://openalex.org/W4253922507"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2403188927","https://openalex.org/W833983830","https://openalex.org/W2368030994","https://openalex.org/W2058044347","https://openalex.org/W2147270340","https://openalex.org/W744497305","https://openalex.org/W2132794636","https://openalex.org/W2055923388","https://openalex.org/W574209047","https://openalex.org/W2077893750"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modern":[0],"game":[1,42,211],"engines":[2,43],"seek":[3],"to":[4,37,50,71,83,103,127],"balance":[5],"the":[6,21,72,111,117,153,185,200],"conflicting":[7],"goals":[8],"of":[9,25,53,108,116,139,149,173,180,184,193],"high":[10],"rendering":[11],"performance":[12,114,181],"and":[13,113,152,190],"productive":[14],"software":[15],"development.":[16],"To":[17],"improve":[18],"CPU":[19],"performance,":[20],"most":[22],"recent":[23],"generation":[24],"real-time":[26],"graphics":[27],"APIs":[28],"provide":[29],"new":[30,118],"primitives":[31,82],"for":[32],"performing":[33],"efficient":[34,68,191],"batch":[35],"updates":[36],"shader":[38,46,62,85,133,143,150,186,202],"parameters.":[39],"However,":[40],"modern":[41,77],"featuring":[44],"large":[45],"codebases":[47],"have":[48],"struggled":[49],"take":[51],"advantage":[52],"these":[54,88],"benefits.":[55],"The":[56,94],"problem":[57],"is":[58,96,162,206],"that":[59,97,145,155,160,167,205],"even":[60],"though":[61],"parameters":[63,154,194],"can":[64,176],"be":[65,157],"organized":[66],"into":[67,90],"modules":[69,91],"bound":[70,158],"pipeline":[73],"at":[74,195],"various":[75],"frequencies,":[76],"shading":[78],"languages":[79],"lack":[80],"corresponding":[81],"organize":[84],"logic":[86,151,161,187],"(requiring":[87],"parameters)":[89],"as":[92],"well.":[93],"result":[95],"complex":[98],"shaders":[99,171],"are":[100],"typically":[101],"compiled":[102],"use":[104,189],"a":[105,136,142,147],"monolithic":[106],"block":[107],"parameters,":[109],"defeating":[110],"design,":[112],"benefits,":[115],"parameter":[119],"binding":[120],"API.":[121],"In":[122],"this":[123,129],"paper":[124],"we":[125,175],"propose":[126],"resolve":[128],"mismatch":[130],"by":[131,168],"introducing":[132],"components":[134],",":[135],"first-class":[137],"unit":[138,148],"modularity":[140],"in":[141,163,188,208],"program":[144],"encapsulates":[146],"must":[156],"when":[159],"use.":[164],"We":[165],"show":[166],"building":[169],"sophisticated":[170],"out":[172],"components,":[174],"retain":[177],"essential":[178],"aspects":[179],"(static":[182],"specialization":[183],"update":[192],"component":[196],"granularity)":[197],"while":[198],"maintaining":[199],"modular":[201],"code":[203],"structure":[204],"desirable":[207],"today's":[209],"high-end":[210],"engines.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2017-07-31T00:00:00"}