{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2499791918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3062341.3062349","title":"Synthesizing program input grammars","display_name":"Synthesizing program input grammars","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2499791918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3062341.3062349","mag":"2499791918"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3062341.3062349","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3062341.3062349","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 38th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029243071","display_name":"Osbert Bastani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-7566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Osbert Bastani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101769895","display_name":"Rahul Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7527-4653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124949","display_name":"Microsoft Research (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w7f3w92","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210124949"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahul Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124949"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087402475","display_name":"Alex Aiken","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3723-9555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Aiken","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025255782","display_name":"Percy Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0458-6139"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Percy Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":133,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"95","last_page":"110"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8891957998275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.7001493573188782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar","display_name":"Grammar","score":0.6250991225242615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5793518424034119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5499109029769897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5467842221260071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar-induction","display_name":"Grammar induction","score":0.5446327328681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-free-grammar","display_name":"Context-free grammar","score":0.5219839811325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.5180859565734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5178132653236389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.4472605884075165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3890232443809509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.38548514246940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32824528217315674}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8891957998275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.7001493573188782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.6250991225242615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5793518424034119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5499109029769897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5467842221260071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56601403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5593673","display_name":"Grammar induction","level":3,"score":0.5446327328681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97212296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338047","display_name":"Context-free grammar","level":3,"score":0.5219839811325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.5180859565734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5178132653236389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.4472605884075165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3890232443809509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.38548514246940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32824528217315674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3062341.3062349","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3062341.3062349","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 38th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2466434921","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1160904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G298583580","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA84750-14-2-0006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6253966236","display_name":"Synthesis and Analysis of Heap Data Structures","funder_award_id":"1160904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W77946476","https://openalex.org/W88216543","https://openalex.org/W138607541","https://openalex.org/W157156687","https://openalex.org/W197480570","https://openalex.org/W206134729","https://openalex.org/W1526347109","https://openalex.org/W1531203382","https://openalex.org/W1550112417","https://openalex.org/W1551413707","https://openalex.org/W1573881032","https://openalex.org/W1575798196","https://openalex.org/W1668251704","https://openalex.org/W1710734607","https://openalex.org/W1905591175","https://openalex.org/W1965446936","https://openalex.org/W1969005071","https://openalex.org/W1976878954","https://openalex.org/W1979345446","https://openalex.org/W1982239607","https://openalex.org/W1983878972","https://openalex.org/W1988524530","https://openalex.org/W1989445634","https://openalex.org/W2002934700","https://openalex.org/W2009489720","https://openalex.org/W2011367000","https://openalex.org/W2015903771","https://openalex.org/W2018408172","https://openalex.org/W2019793857","https://openalex.org/W2044372543","https://openalex.org/W2049867480","https://openalex.org/W2050853996","https://openalex.org/W2060370563","https://openalex.org/W2060610732","https://openalex.org/W2065948900","https://openalex.org/W2075827176","https://openalex.org/W2091932246","https://openalex.org/W2093535699","https://openalex.org/W2094771270","https://openalex.org/W2095027325","https://openalex.org/W2096253647","https://openalex.org/W2096449544","https://openalex.org/W2098456636","https://openalex.org/W2103201337","https://openalex.org/W2105068453","https://openalex.org/W2107147876","https://openalex.org/W2113964673","https://openalex.org/W2128985333","https://openalex.org/W2131687992","https://openalex.org/W2132525863","https://openalex.org/W2142126234","https://openalex.org/W2144696387","https://openalex.org/W2155575073","https://openalex.org/W2156858199","https://openalex.org/W2164611950","https://openalex.org/W2172163424","https://openalex.org/W2350778671","https://openalex.org/W2494400401","https://openalex.org/W2514578992","https://openalex.org/W2596585349","https://openalex.org/W3143148979","https://openalex.org/W4233189519","https://openalex.org/W4234542549","https://openalex.org/W4237412827","https://openalex.org/W4237492309","https://openalex.org/W4238083723","https://openalex.org/W4243412374","https://openalex.org/W4252015082","https://openalex.org/W6723136346"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W123468065","https://openalex.org/W4237776144","https://openalex.org/W1557335907","https://openalex.org/W4286266684","https://openalex.org/W1974236250","https://openalex.org/W1517025915","https://openalex.org/W3144287057","https://openalex.org/W2174380942","https://openalex.org/W4245826738","https://openalex.org/W4304632017"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,62],"present":[1],"an":[2],"algorithm":[3,29,54],"for":[4],"synthesizing":[5],"a":[6,17],"context-free":[7],"grammar":[8,34,50],"encoding":[9],"the":[10,26,49,68],"language":[11],"of":[12,19,32],"valid":[13,72],"program":[14],"inputs":[15,73],"from":[16],"set":[18],"input":[20],"examples":[21],"and":[22,41],"blackbox":[23],"access":[24],"to":[25,55,75],"program.":[27],"Our":[28,45],"addresses":[30],"shortcomings":[31],"existing":[33],"inference":[35],"algorithms,":[36],"which":[37],"both":[38],"severely":[39],"overgeneralize":[40],"are":[42],"prohibitively":[43],"slow.":[44],"implementation,":[46],"GLADE,":[47],"leverages":[48],"synthesized":[51],"by":[52],"our":[53],"fuzz":[56],"test":[57],"programs":[58],"with":[59],"structured":[60],"inputs.":[61],"show":[63],"that":[64],"GLADE":[65],"substantially":[66],"increases":[67],"incremental":[69],"coverage":[70],"on":[71],"compared":[74],"two":[76],"baseline":[77],"fuzzers.":[78]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}