{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2606382375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3055386.3055397","title":"A Study on Software Vulnerabilities and Weaknesses of Embedded Systems in Power Networks","display_name":"A Study on Software Vulnerabilities and Weaknesses of Embedded Systems in Power Networks","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2606382375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3055386.3055397","mag":"2606382375"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3055386.3055397","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3055386.3055397","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Cyber-Physical Security and Resilience in Smart Grids","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022263478","display_name":"Margus V\u00e4lja","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margus V\u00e4lja","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074980203","display_name":"Matus Korman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matus Korman","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038692098","display_name":"Robert Lagerstr\u00f6m","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-3885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Lagerstr\u00f6m","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0204,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76998003,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"47","last_page":"52"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12451","display_name":"Smart Grid and Power Systems","score":0.9790999889373779,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/siemens","display_name":"Siemens","score":0.8268546462059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strengths-and-weaknesses","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","score":0.6864839792251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6753548979759216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.6111560463905334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.5495201945304871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4756624102592468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.42803657054901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3577846586704254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3302859663963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.28291672468185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.28039079904556274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2543383836746216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.23537638783454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2065708041191101}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100053769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169893","display_name":"Siemens","level":2,"score":0.8268546462059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63882131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17122954","display_name":"Strengths and weaknesses","level":2,"score":0.6864839792251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6753548979759216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.6111560463905334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5495201945304871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4756624102592468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.42803657054901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3577846586704254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3302859663963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.28291672468185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.28039079904556274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2543383836746216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.23537638783454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2065708041191101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3055386.3055397","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3055386.3055397","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Cyber-Physical Security and Resilience in Smart Grids","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5910205140","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"607109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333065","funder_display_name":"Seventh Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333065","display_name":"Seventh Framework Programme","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W577448149","https://openalex.org/W594014660","https://openalex.org/W598230307","https://openalex.org/W631090390","https://openalex.org/W1118096832","https://openalex.org/W1529728259","https://openalex.org/W1916709771","https://openalex.org/W2101177960","https://openalex.org/W2565077509","https://openalex.org/W4245937226"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2889557831","https://openalex.org/W2389261154","https://openalex.org/W613085492","https://openalex.org/W4243246472","https://openalex.org/W3173728350","https://openalex.org/W4240572821","https://openalex.org/W2351649981","https://openalex.org/W2349550680","https://openalex.org/W2390686810","https://openalex.org/W2493767419"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"we":[3],"conduct":[4],"an":[5],"empirical":[6],"study":[7,54],"with":[8],"the":[9,34,58,70,80],"purpose":[10],"of":[11,16,22,38],"identifying":[12],"common":[13,72],"software":[14,37],"weaknesses":[15],"embedded":[17],"devices":[18,35],"used":[19],"as":[20],"part":[21],"industrial":[23],"control":[24],"systems":[25],"in":[26],"power":[27],"grids.":[28],"The":[29,53],"data":[30,56],"is":[31],"gathered":[32],"about":[33],"and":[36,50,64,86],"6":[39],"companies,":[40],"ABB,":[41],"General":[42],"Electric,":[43,45],"Schneider":[44],"Schweitzer":[46],"Engineering":[47],"Laboratories,":[48],"Siemens":[49],"Wind":[51],"River.":[52],"uses":[55],"from":[57],"manufacturersfi":[59],"online":[60],"databases,":[61],"NVD,":[62],"CWE":[63],"ICS":[65],"CERT.":[66],"We":[67],"identified":[68],"that":[69,74],"most":[71],"problems":[73],"were":[75],"reported":[76],"are":[77],"related":[78],"to":[79],"improper":[81],"input":[82],"validation,":[83],"cryptographic":[84],"issues,":[85],"programming":[87],"errors.":[88]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}