{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2599194031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3055305.3055306","title":"Global Variation in Attack Encounters and Hosting","display_name":"Global Variation in Attack Encounters and Hosting","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2599194031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3055305.3055306","mag":"2599194031"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3055305.3055306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3055305.3055306","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Hot Topics in Science of Security: Symposium and Bootcamp","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103083194","display_name":"Ghita Mezzour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4306-1589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106663","display_name":"International University of Rabat","ror":"https://ror.org/01t9czq80","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106663"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ghita Mezzour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Internationale de Rabat (UIR), TICLab, Sala El Jadida, Morocco"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Internationale de Rabat (UIR), TICLab, Sala El Jadida, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106663"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085927300","display_name":"Kathleen M. Carley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6356-0238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathleen M. Carley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Software Research, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Software Research, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083212338","display_name":"L.R. Carley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3945-9110"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Richard Carley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103083194"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106663"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9673,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81238571,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"62","last_page":"73"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","score":0.7196238040924072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6046859622001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5960263013839722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.4170333743095398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.41332197189331055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion","display_name":"Intrusion","score":0.4125729203224182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3800133764743805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3285611867904663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.07975634932518005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.7196238040924072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6046859622001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5960263013839722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.4170333743095398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.41332197189331055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158251709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q354025","display_name":"Intrusion","level":2,"score":0.4125729203224182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3800133764743805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3285611867904663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07975634932518005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17409809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764","display_name":"Geochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3055305.3055306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3055305.3055306","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Hot Topics in Science of Security: Symposium and Bootcamp","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332186","display_name":"Defense Threat Reduction Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/04tz64554"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W102672212","https://openalex.org/W157583076","https://openalex.org/W157801501","https://openalex.org/W174264791","https://openalex.org/W244636267","https://openalex.org/W576363262","https://openalex.org/W1512326166","https://openalex.org/W1548087870","https://openalex.org/W1559655409","https://openalex.org/W1565019088","https://openalex.org/W1650881334","https://openalex.org/W1729411802","https://openalex.org/W1895111254","https://openalex.org/W1970249404","https://openalex.org/W1979318525","https://openalex.org/W1989335842","https://openalex.org/W2000571841","https://openalex.org/W2014171012","https://openalex.org/W2014781793","https://openalex.org/W2023429893","https://openalex.org/W2044489706","https://openalex.org/W2044911211","https://openalex.org/W2065890363","https://openalex.org/W2070706475","https://openalex.org/W2082180526","https://openalex.org/W2095610745","https://openalex.org/W2095922194","https://openalex.org/W2098301119","https://openalex.org/W2099756352","https://openalex.org/W2100765095","https://openalex.org/W2108818539","https://openalex.org/W2121895216","https://openalex.org/W2127062979","https://openalex.org/W2132462183","https://openalex.org/W2148156428","https://openalex.org/W2162532690","https://openalex.org/W2166735555","https://openalex.org/W2258956667","https://openalex.org/W2296738570","https://openalex.org/W2350778671","https://openalex.org/W2405780168","https://openalex.org/W2484210650","https://openalex.org/W2506380823","https://openalex.org/W2593482373","https://openalex.org/W2602218799","https://openalex.org/W3121644052","https://openalex.org/W3145203756","https://openalex.org/W4242887383","https://openalex.org/W4299301436","https://openalex.org/W4391201761","https://openalex.org/W6632620790","https://openalex.org/W6674628898","https://openalex.org/W6679923684"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386430105","https://openalex.org/W2356521405","https://openalex.org/W2038534795","https://openalex.org/W2384358604","https://openalex.org/W1567829292","https://openalex.org/W3001063351","https://openalex.org/W3196905815","https://openalex.org/W2351370765","https://openalex.org/W3133811809","https://openalex.org/W2133389611"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Countries":[0],"vary":[1],"greatly":[2],"in":[3],"the":[4,32],"extent":[5],"to":[6,27,36],"which":[7],"their":[8],"computers":[9],"encounter":[10],"and":[11,57],"host":[12],"attacks.":[13],"Empirically":[14],"identifying":[15],"factors":[16,39,59],"behind":[17,60],"such":[18,61],"variation":[19],"can":[20],"provide":[21],"a":[22],"sound":[23],"basis":[24],"for":[25],"policies":[26],"reduce":[28],"attacks":[29],"worldwide.":[30,80],"However,":[31],"main":[33],"current":[34],"approach":[35],"identify":[37],"these":[38],"consists":[40],"of":[41],"expert":[42],"opinions":[43],"with":[44],"limited":[45],"empirical":[46],"validation.":[47],"In":[48],"this":[49],"work,":[50],"we":[51],"empirically":[52],"test":[53],"hypotheses":[54],"regarding":[55],"social":[56],"technological":[58],"international":[62],"variation.":[63],"We":[64],"use":[65],"Symantec's":[66],"Intrusion":[67],"Prevention":[68],"System":[69],"(IPS)":[70],"telemetry":[71],"data":[72],"collected":[73],"from":[74],"around":[75],"10":[76],"million":[77],"Symantec":[78],"customers":[79]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
