{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2609040851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3053681","title":"Improved Reliability of FPGA-Based PUF Identification Generator Design","display_name":"Improved Reliability of FPGA-Based PUF Identification Generator Design","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2609040851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3053681","mag":"2609040851"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3053681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3053681","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3053681&type=pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112809824","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","issn_l":"1936-7406","issn":["1936-7406","1936-7414"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3053681&type=pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089292929","display_name":"Chongyan Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3028-8004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chongyan Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIT, ECIT, Queen's University Belfast, Queen's Road, United Kingdom, BT3 9DT"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIT, ECIT, Queen's University Belfast, Queen's Road, United Kingdom, BT3 9DT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048053456","display_name":"Neil Hanley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2595-7648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neil Hanley","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIT, ECIT, Queen's University Belfast, Queen's Road, United Kingdom, BT3 9DT"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIT, ECIT, Queen's University Belfast, Queen's Road, United Kingdom, BT3 9DT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079438004","display_name":"M\u00e1ire O\u05f3Neill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6865-6212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M\u00e1ire O'neill","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIT, ECIT, Queen's University Belfast, Queen's Road, United Kingdom, BT3 9DT"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIT, ECIT, Queen's University Belfast, Queen's Road, United Kingdom, BT3 9DT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089292929"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":{"value":1938,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2090},"fwci":5.3269,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96865998,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.88495934009552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7719173431396484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.6021879315376282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5995162725448608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-unclonable-function","display_name":"Physical unclonable function","score":0.5868914127349854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5070161819458008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.4598430395126343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4497246742248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.3229299783706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.13349172472953796}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.88495934009552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7719173431396484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6021879315376282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5995162725448608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8643368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4046262","display_name":"Physical unclonable function","level":3,"score":0.5868914127349854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5070161819458008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.4598430395126343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4497246742248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.3229299783706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.13349172472953796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3053681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3053681","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3053681&type=pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112809824","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","issn_l":"1936-7406","issn":["1936-7406","1936-7414"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:publications/310272fb-8d7b-4654-a45e-84836ffbbe98","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/310272fb-8d7b-4654-a45e-84836ffbbe98","pdf_url":"https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/125813164/ACM_TRETS_GU.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gu , C , Hanley , N & O'Neill , M 2017 , ' Improved Reliability of FPGA-based PUF Identification Generator Design ' , ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems , vol. 10 , no. 3 , 20 . https://doi.org/10.1145/3053681","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3053681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3053681","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3053681&type=pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112809824","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","issn_l":"1936-7406","issn":["1936-7406","1936-7414"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G152082041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"-CSIT2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1816994784","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FP7/2007-2013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333065","funder_display_name":"Seventh Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G209546920","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FP7/2007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333065","funder_display_name":"Seventh Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2177115845","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N508664","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2241406505","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R007187/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3131894466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N508664/-CSIT2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3222288514","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"608224","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333065","funder_display_name":"Seventh Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4576709364","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FP7/2007-201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333065","funder_display_name":"Seventh Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4804264507","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N508664","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5445011987","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/K004379/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6072120315","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"funded","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6577499357","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N508664/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7485613527","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2007-2013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333065","funder_display_name":"Seventh Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7831597309","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P7/2007-2013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333065","funder_display_name":"Seventh Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333065","display_name":"Seventh Framework Programme","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2609040851.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2609040851.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18598421","https://openalex.org/W42545666","https://openalex.org/W100799738","https://openalex.org/W138853280","https://openalex.org/W1544967376","https://openalex.org/W1896747771","https://openalex.org/W1971935236","https://openalex.org/W1975166224","https://openalex.org/W1987671178","https://openalex.org/W1995871244","https://openalex.org/W2000171858","https://openalex.org/W2014457808","https://openalex.org/W2017827600","https://openalex.org/W2041435997","https://openalex.org/W2054288246","https://openalex.org/W2056087990","https://openalex.org/W2057434929","https://openalex.org/W2063443456","https://openalex.org/W2078512400","https://openalex.org/W2080284304","https://openalex.org/W2083471987","https://openalex.org/W2084106057","https://openalex.org/W2086376735","https://openalex.org/W2088455835","https://openalex.org/W2092858172","https://openalex.org/W2113322447","https://openalex.org/W2116374153","https://openalex.org/W2120393899","https://openalex.org/W2122394567","https://openalex.org/W2123482651","https://openalex.org/W2130351941","https://openalex.org/W2138874069","https://openalex.org/W2147784592","https://openalex.org/W2148330234","https://openalex.org/W2149648080","https://openalex.org/W2169212403","https://openalex.org/W2289245055","https://openalex.org/W2399798860","https://openalex.org/W2527193322","https://openalex.org/W2603856766","https://openalex.org/W2732073075","https://openalex.org/W2949389056"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386278306","https://openalex.org/W2010558539","https://openalex.org/W2580259249","https://openalex.org/W3096667951","https://openalex.org/W4288068867","https://openalex.org/W102880045","https://openalex.org/W2594513438","https://openalex.org/W3148339641","https://openalex.org/W2184096640","https://openalex.org/W3018478474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Physical":[0],"unclonable":[1],"functions":[2],"(PUFs),":[3],"a":[4,77,104,139,148],"form":[5],"of":[6,103,134,138,147,163,169,181],"physical":[7],"security":[8],"primitive,":[9],"enable":[10],"digital":[11],"identifiers":[12],"to":[13,31,174,183],"be":[14,120],"extracted":[15],"from":[16],"devices,":[17],"such":[18],"as":[19],"field":[20],"programmable":[21],"gate":[22],"arrays":[23],"(FPGAs).":[24],"Many":[25],"PUF":[26,70,105,126,129,171],"implementations":[27],"have":[28],"been":[29],"proposed":[30,98,116],"generate":[32],"these":[33,58],"unique":[34],"n":[35],"-bit":[36],"binary":[37],"strings.":[38],"However,":[39],"they":[40],"often":[41],"offer":[42],"insufficient":[43],"uniqueness":[44,82],"and":[45,51,68,83,86,145,158],"reliability":[46,84,102,168],"when":[47],"implemented":[48],"on":[49],"FPGAs":[50],"can":[52,119],"consume":[53],"excessive":[54],"resources.":[55,113],"To":[56],"address":[57],"problems,":[59],"in":[60,189],"this":[61],"article":[62],"we":[63],"present":[64],"an":[65,177],"efficient,":[66],"lightweight,":[67],"scalable":[69],"identification":[71],"(ID)":[72],"generator":[73,131],"circuit":[74],"that":[75,99],"offers":[76],"compact":[78],"design":[79],"with":[80,160,185],"good":[81,155],"properties":[85],"is":[87,96,172],"specifically":[88],"designed":[89],"for":[90,109,123],"FPGAs.":[91],"A":[92],"novel":[93],"post-characterisation":[94,117],"methodology":[95],"also":[97],"improves":[100],"the":[101,107,115,135,167,170,190],"without":[106],"need":[108],"any":[110,124],"additional":[111],"hardware":[112,136],"Moreover,":[114],"method":[118],"generally":[121],"used":[122],"FPGA-based":[125],"designs.":[127],"The":[128],"ID":[130],"consumes":[132],"8.95%":[133],"resources":[137],"low-cost":[140],"Xilinx":[141,149],"Spartan-6":[142],"LX9":[143],"FPGA":[144],"0.81%":[146],"Artix-7":[150],"FPGA.":[151],"Experimental":[152],"results":[153],"show":[154],"uniqueness,":[156],"reliability,":[157],"uniformity":[159],"no":[161],"occurrence":[162],"bit-aliasing.":[164],"In":[165],"particular,":[166],"close":[173],"100%":[175],"over":[176],"environmental":[178],"temperature":[179],"range":[180],"25\u00b0C":[182],"70\u00b0C":[184],"\u00b1":[186],"10%":[187],"variation":[188],"supply":[191],"voltage.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}