{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2606234010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3051457.3053976","title":"Incorporating Rich Features into Deep Knowledge Tracing","display_name":"Incorporating Rich Features into Deep Knowledge Tracing","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-04-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2606234010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3051457.3053976","mag":"2606234010"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3051457.3053976","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3051457.3053976","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3053976&type=pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fourth (2017) ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3053976&type=pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100425304","display_name":"Liang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0017-2569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111002623","display_name":"Xiaolu Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8439-4593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolu Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015704814","display_name":"Siyuan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9756-4838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siyuan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016746228","display_name":"Anthony F. Botelho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7373-4959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Botelho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078998782","display_name":"Neil T. Heffernan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3280-288X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neil T. Heffernan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100425304"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.483,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":120,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97644648,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"169","last_page":"172"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9659000039100647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.9146451950073242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.773748517036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.7709686756134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6422058939933777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5479105710983276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5014810562133789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3389304280281067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.13911768794059753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08388209342956543}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.9146451950073242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.773748517036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.7709686756134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6422058939933777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5479105710983276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5014810562133789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3389304280281067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.13911768794059753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08388209342956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3051457.3053976","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3051457.3053976","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3053976&type=pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fourth (2017) ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.wpi.edu:etd-theses-1206","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196141","display_name":"Digital WPI","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Masters Theses (All Theses, All Years)","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3051457.3053976","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3051457.3053976","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=3053976&type=pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fourth (2017) ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1083696598","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(IES R305A120125 & R305C100024 and GAANN","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306106","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Education"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1128133788","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Gates","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306137","funder_display_name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2050073735","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1316736","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3313002345","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DRL-1252297","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5594358474","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"multiple","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5672457875","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R305C100024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306106","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Education"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5906920533","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R305A120125","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306106","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Education"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6133684713","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1109483","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8121007642","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GAANN","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306106","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Education"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8254802686","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DRL-1031398","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8337109446","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1440753","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G842482667","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GAANN","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8460078011","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ACI-1440753, DRL-1252297, DRL-1109483, DRL-1316736 & DRL-1031398","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8763841068","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1252297","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G899203672","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1031398","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306106","display_name":"U.S. Department of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/021adze67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306137","display_name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0456r8d26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2606234010.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2606234010.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51068841","https://openalex.org/W133284495","https://openalex.org/W136010251","https://openalex.org/W650350307","https://openalex.org/W1534403125","https://openalex.org/W1593700574","https://openalex.org/W1596401170","https://openalex.org/W1597703949","https://openalex.org/W2015040676","https://openalex.org/W2058166043","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2066816090","https://openalex.org/W2083300004","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2117122404","https://openalex.org/W2147800946","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2292523511","https://openalex.org/W2468679886","https://openalex.org/W2475334473","https://openalex.org/W2574518178","https://openalex.org/W2605961645","https://openalex.org/W3099514962"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4380075502","https://openalex.org/W4223943233","https://openalex.org/W4312200629","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4380086463","https://openalex.org/W4225161397","https://openalex.org/W3014300295","https://openalex.org/W3164822677","https://openalex.org/W4250304930"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Knowledge":[0,28],"Tracing":[1,29],"aims":[2],"to":[3,36,69,86,95],"model":[4,45,90,112],"student":[5],"knowledge":[6,50],"by":[7,62,74],"predicting":[8],"the":[9,43,49,57,87,97],"correctness":[10,53],"of":[11],"each":[12],"next":[13],"item":[14],"as":[15,33,54],"students":[16],"work":[17],"through":[18],"an":[19,84],"assignment.":[20],"Through":[21],"recent":[22],"developments":[23],"in":[24],"deep":[25],"learning,":[26],"Deep":[27],"(DKT)":[30],"was":[31],"explored":[32],"a":[34,100],"method":[35],"improve":[37,71,115],"upon":[38,72],"traditional":[39],"methods.":[40],"Thus":[41],"far,":[42],"DKT":[44,73,89,111],"has":[46],"only":[47],"considered":[48],"components":[51],"and":[52],"input,":[55,83],"neglecting":[56],"other":[58],"important":[59],"features":[60],"collected":[61],"computer-based":[63],"learning":[64],"platforms.":[65],"This":[66],"paper":[67],"seeks":[68],"further":[70],"incorporating":[75],"more":[76],"problem-level":[77],"features.":[78],"With":[79],"this":[80,109],"higher":[81],"dimensional":[82,102],"adaption":[85],"original":[88],"structure":[91],"is":[92],"also":[93],"proposed":[94],"convert":[96],"input":[98],"into":[99],"low":[101],"feature":[103],"vector.":[104],"Our":[105],"results":[106],"show":[107],"that":[108],"adapted":[110],"can":[113],"effectively":[114],"accuracy.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
