{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2604766223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3037697.3037754","title":"Sound Loop Superoptimization for Google Native Client","display_name":"Sound Loop Superoptimization for Google Native Client","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-04-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2604766223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3037697.3037754","mag":"2604766223"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3037697.3037754","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3037697.3037754","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Second International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028264088","display_name":"Berkeley Churchill","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Berkeley Churchill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101769895","display_name":"Rahul Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7527-4653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124949","display_name":"Microsoft Research (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w7f3w92","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210124949"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahul Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research India, Bangalore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research India, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124949"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071523992","display_name":"JF Bastien","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JF Bastien","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087402475","display_name":"Alex Aiken","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3723-9555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Aiken","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028264088"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.455,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86396916,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"313","last_page":"326"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8288254737854004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.8270173072814941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5083758234977722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.507899820804596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loop","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","score":0.5046607255935669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4708273708820343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extensibility","display_name":"Extensibility","score":0.44971004128456116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.44439828395843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.4370633661746979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.34164705872535706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3016868233680725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.08800426125526428}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8288254737854004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.8270173072814941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5083758234977722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.507899820804596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184670325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512604","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5046607255935669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4708273708820343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32833848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4115054","display_name":"Extensibility","level":2,"score":0.44971004128456116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.44439828395843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.4370633661746979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.34164705872535706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3016868233680725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.08800426125526428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3037697.3037754","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3037697.3037754","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Second International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2466434921","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1160904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G298583580","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA84750-14-2-0006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3009979998","display_name":"SHF: Medium: Stochastic Program Optimization","funder_award_id":"1409813","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5921281487","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"number","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6253966236","display_name":"Synthesis and Analysis of Heap Data Structures","funder_award_id":"1160904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6894402473","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Fellowship","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G753810255","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1409813","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2363194","https://openalex.org/W17195072","https://openalex.org/W1480909796","https://openalex.org/W1498946538","https://openalex.org/W1510196500","https://openalex.org/W1750827721","https://openalex.org/W1838281294","https://openalex.org/W1856462361","https://openalex.org/W1865448657","https://openalex.org/W1973680906","https://openalex.org/W1977279860","https://openalex.org/W1979660747","https://openalex.org/W2029940726","https://openalex.org/W2030906223","https://openalex.org/W2040856861","https://openalex.org/W2045437741","https://openalex.org/W2062340141","https://openalex.org/W2067871120","https://openalex.org/W2069265488","https://openalex.org/W2072737419","https://openalex.org/W2074888021","https://openalex.org/W2079029390","https://openalex.org/W2083941582","https://openalex.org/W2086795351","https://openalex.org/W2089131124","https://openalex.org/W2091355737","https://openalex.org/W2091939272","https://openalex.org/W2101635160","https://openalex.org/W2105349588","https://openalex.org/W2114012357","https://openalex.org/W2117930267","https://openalex.org/W2119251836","https://openalex.org/W2136650506","https://openalex.org/W2137530017","https://openalex.org/W2145083214","https://openalex.org/W2148662736","https://openalex.org/W2149674423","https://openalex.org/W2162960800","https://openalex.org/W2182001008","https://openalex.org/W2293092623","https://openalex.org/W2294628582","https://openalex.org/W2330908417","https://openalex.org/W2339276203","https://openalex.org/W2350778671","https://openalex.org/W2563082156","https://openalex.org/W2763801910","https://openalex.org/W2911450990","https://openalex.org/W3127957952","https://openalex.org/W3174989191","https://openalex.org/W4231002400","https://openalex.org/W4242364663","https://openalex.org/W4251192040","https://openalex.org/W4254512865","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3008339103","https://openalex.org/W1667647204","https://openalex.org/W2404647514","https://openalex.org/W1948607442","https://openalex.org/W4247536566","https://openalex.org/W4241418540","https://openalex.org/W2018477250","https://openalex.org/W3119814709","https://openalex.org/W1508895727","https://openalex.org/W2725786787"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Software":[0],"fault":[1],"isolation":[2],"(SFI)":[3],"is":[4],"an":[5],"important":[6],"technique":[7,70,78],"for":[8,51,60],"the":[9,28,40,81,97,100,112],"construction":[10],"of":[11,30,53,99,109],"secure":[12],"operating":[13],"systems,":[14],"web":[15],"browsers,":[16],"and":[17,74,102,106],"other":[18],"extensible":[19],"software.":[20],"We":[21],"demonstrate":[22],"that":[23,37,63],"superoptimization":[24,52,61],"can":[25],"dramatically":[26],"improve":[27],"performance":[29],"Google":[31,41],"Native":[32],"Client,":[33],"a":[34,57,66,75,104],"SFI":[35],"system":[36],"ships":[38],"inside":[39],"Chrome":[42],"Browser.":[43],"Key":[44],"to":[45,71,79,83],"our":[46,87],"results":[47],"are":[48],"new":[49,58],"techniques":[50],"loops:":[54],"we":[55,89],"propose":[56],"architecture":[59],"tools":[62],"incorporates":[64],"both":[65],"fully":[67],"sound":[68],"verification":[69,77],"ensure":[72],"correctness":[73,98],"bounded":[76],"guide":[80],"search":[82],"optimized":[84],"code.":[85],"In":[86],"evaluation":[88],"optimize":[90],"13":[91],"libc":[92],"string":[93],"functions,":[94],"formally":[95],"verify":[96],"optimizations":[101],"report":[103],"median":[105],"average":[107],"speedup":[108],"25%":[110],"over":[111],"libraries":[113],"shipped":[114],"by":[115],"Google.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}