{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2604804407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3037697.3037703","title":"Bolt","display_name":"Bolt","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-04-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2604804407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3037697.3037703","mag":"2604804407"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3037697.3037703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3037697.3037703","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Second International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001498296","display_name":"Christina Delimitrou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7779-4134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christina Delimitrou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042148531","display_name":"Christos Kozyrakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3154-7530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christos Kozyrakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001498296"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.0579,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98617512,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"599","last_page":"613"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8397339582443237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6442972421646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.49069273471832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.48097527027130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.47976788878440857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.44133204221725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.43185746669769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.36104702949523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2720491290092468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.09981858730316162}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8397339582443237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6442972421646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.49069273471832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.48097527027130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.47976788878440857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.44133204221725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.43185746669769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.36104702949523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2720491290092468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.09981858730316162}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3037697.3037703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3037697.3037703","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-Second International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2983700833","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1422088","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41151780","https://openalex.org/W56540897","https://openalex.org/W114517082","https://openalex.org/W281665770","https://openalex.org/W1427174644","https://openalex.org/W1503891749","https://openalex.org/W1504046403","https://openalex.org/W1516717550","https://openalex.org/W1533145153","https://openalex.org/W1563402047","https://openalex.org/W1570448133","https://openalex.org/W1605496038","https://openalex.org/W1681426122","https://openalex.org/W1716219110","https://openalex.org/W1734799737","https://openalex.org/W1883523155","https://openalex.org/W1934458198","https://openalex.org/W1967602317","https://openalex.org/W1971165887","https://openalex.org/W1973498793","https://openalex.org/W1978502921","https://openalex.org/W1988184485","https://openalex.org/W1988374166","https://openalex.org/W1992291252","https://openalex.org/W2000730311","https://openalex.org/W2001530795","https://openalex.org/W2001759130","https://openalex.org/W2015099024","https://openalex.org/W2015960758","https://openalex.org/W2018992824","https://openalex.org/W2026975872","https://openalex.org/W2031140628","https://openalex.org/W2032717442","https://openalex.org/W2034195502","https://openalex.org/W2037322308","https://openalex.org/W2054604581","https://openalex.org/W2057306771","https://openalex.org/W2060204338","https://openalex.org/W2063244929","https://openalex.org/W2065042218","https://openalex.org/W2078406269","https://openalex.org/W2084226860","https://openalex.org/W2091765165","https://openalex.org/W2098278566","https://openalex.org/W2098395496","https://openalex.org/W2100999807","https://openalex.org/W2101177960","https://openalex.org/W2102709380","https://openalex.org/W2103981209","https://openalex.org/W2104171511","https://openalex.org/W2104692292","https://openalex.org/W2111160280","https://openalex.org/W2119028650","https://openalex.org/W2120422789","https://openalex.org/W2121436309","https://openalex.org/W2130062566","https://openalex.org/W2131975293","https://openalex.org/W2140094873","https://openalex.org/W2143773524","https://openalex.org/W2143835304","https://openalex.org/W2144553551","https://openalex.org/W2147150814","https://openalex.org/W2156077332","https://openalex.org/W2159520802","https://openalex.org/W2159744495","https://openalex.org/W2160121678","https://openalex.org/W2163961697","https://openalex.org/W2167088175","https://openalex.org/W2167470572","https://openalex.org/W2169461225","https://openalex.org/W2169965429","https://openalex.org/W2200264815","https://openalex.org/W2318844802","https://openalex.org/W2614676961","https://openalex.org/W2754472824","https://openalex.org/W2952203331","https://openalex.org/W2999097477","https://openalex.org/W3124543943","https://openalex.org/W3144141583","https://openalex.org/W4231427385","https://openalex.org/W4240262711","https://openalex.org/W6637631891","https://openalex.org/W6639260800"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2765763546","https://openalex.org/W4386482731","https://openalex.org/W4385302085","https://openalex.org/W2360429410","https://openalex.org/W4390188535","https://openalex.org/W4256682929","https://openalex.org/W335511927","https://openalex.org/W2471811227","https://openalex.org/W2217591390","https://openalex.org/W2157496457"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cloud":[0],"providers":[1],"routinely":[2],"schedule":[3],"multiple":[4],"applications":[5,58],"per":[6],"physical":[7],"host":[8],"to":[9,20,38,154,179],"increase":[10,122],"efficiency.":[11],"The":[12],"resulting":[13],"interference":[14,66],"on":[15,64,70,90],"shared":[16,71],"resources":[17],"often":[18],"leads":[19],"performance":[21,183],"degradation":[22],"and,":[23],"more":[24],"importantly,":[25],"security":[26],"vulnerabilities.":[27],"Interference":[28],"can":[29],"leak":[30],"important":[31],"information":[32,106],"ranging":[33],"from":[34],"a":[35,47,60,87,108],"service's":[36],"placement":[37],"confidential":[39],"data,":[40],"like":[41],"private":[42],"keys.":[43],"We":[44],"present":[45],"Bolt,":[46],"practical":[48],"system":[49],"that":[50,79,121,139],"accurately":[51],"detects":[52],"the":[53,65,95,175],"type":[54],"and":[55,133,182],"characteristics":[56,96],"of":[57,97,100,111,117,174],"sharing":[59],"cloud":[61,113],"platform":[62],"based":[63],"an":[67],"adversary":[68],"sees":[69],"resources.":[72],"Bolt":[73,92],"leverages":[74],"online":[75],"data":[76],"mining":[77],"techniques":[78],"only":[80,169],"require":[81],"2-5":[82],"seconds":[83],"for":[84],"detection.":[85],"In":[86],"multi-user":[88],"study":[89],"EC2,":[91],"correctly":[93],"identifies":[94],"385":[98],"out":[99],"436":[101],"diverse":[102],"workloads.":[103],"Extracting":[104],"this":[105],"enables":[107],"wide":[109],"spectrum":[110],"previously-impractical":[112],"attacks,":[114],"including":[115],"denial":[116],"service":[118],"attacks":[119],"(DoS)":[120],"tail":[123],"latency":[124],"by":[125],"140x,":[126],"as":[127,129,145],"well":[128],"resource":[130],"freeing":[131],"(RFA)":[132],"co-residency":[134],"attacks.":[135],"Finally,":[136],"we":[137],"show":[138],"while":[140],"advanced":[141],"isolation":[142],"mechanisms,":[143],"such":[144],"cache":[146],"partitioning":[147],"lower":[148],"detection":[149],"accuracy,":[150],"they":[151],"are":[152],"insufficient":[153],"eliminate":[155],"these":[156],"vulnerabilities":[157],"altogether.":[158],"To":[159],"do":[160],"so,":[161],"one":[162],"must":[163],"either":[164],"disallow":[165],"core":[166],"sharing,":[167],"or":[168],"allow":[170],"it":[171],"between":[172],"threads":[173],"same":[176],"application,":[177],"leading":[178],"significant":[180],"inefficiencies":[181],"penalties.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2017-04-14T00:00:00"}