{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2611914534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3027063.3053070","title":"A Gaze Gesture-Based User Authentication System to Counter Shoulder-Surfing Attacks","display_name":"A Gaze Gesture-Based User Authentication System to Counter Shoulder-Surfing Attacks","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2611914534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3027063.3053070","mag":"2611914534"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3027063.3053070","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3027063.3053070","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070540752","display_name":"Vijay Rajanna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2665-1189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vijay Rajanna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010893488","display_name":"Seth Polsley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8805-8375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seth Polsley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075831545","display_name":"Paul Taele","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8950-0914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Taele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075250507","display_name":"Tracy Hammond","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7272-0507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tracy Hammond","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3154,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95803719,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1978","last_page":"1986"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.8414930105209351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.8084338903427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8006763458251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.6907204389572144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.5579513907432556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5477121472358704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4836105406284332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4520920217037201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.4422130584716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3840870261192322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.11943691968917847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.8414930105209351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.8084338903427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8006763458251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.6907204389572144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5579513907432556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5477121472358704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4836105406284332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4520920217037201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.4422130584716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3840870261192322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.11943691968917847}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3027063.3053070","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3027063.3053070","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W47747804","https://openalex.org/W401941822","https://openalex.org/W1503108337","https://openalex.org/W1503483822","https://openalex.org/W1538622809","https://openalex.org/W1576088971","https://openalex.org/W1982277679","https://openalex.org/W1995055145","https://openalex.org/W2028849308","https://openalex.org/W2036616308","https://openalex.org/W2040686253","https://openalex.org/W2046616910","https://openalex.org/W2078483465","https://openalex.org/W2097248932","https://openalex.org/W2102804490","https://openalex.org/W2109267452","https://openalex.org/W2112060097","https://openalex.org/W2115034095","https://openalex.org/W2117436924","https://openalex.org/W2118115984","https://openalex.org/W2118345908","https://openalex.org/W2139094422","https://openalex.org/W2157007820","https://openalex.org/W2295634449","https://openalex.org/W2331744738","https://openalex.org/W2344381053","https://openalex.org/W2346630854","https://openalex.org/W2611149039","https://openalex.org/W4251914312","https://openalex.org/W4299301436"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066003895","https://openalex.org/W2537963312","https://openalex.org/W2537762514","https://openalex.org/W2349788282","https://openalex.org/W577271088","https://openalex.org/W2120801881","https://openalex.org/W1982853263","https://openalex.org/W1974473538","https://openalex.org/W2020010749","https://openalex.org/W2954779189"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Shoulder-surfing":[0],"is":[1,114],"the":[2,15,75,87],"act":[3],"of":[4,10,18,44],"spying":[5],"on":[6,37],"an":[7,55],"authorized":[8],"user":[9,76],"a":[11,91,130],"computer":[12],"system":[13,59,73,113],"with":[14,81,93,103,108],"malicious":[16],"intent":[17],"gaining":[19],"unauthorized":[20],"access.":[21],"Current":[22],"solutions":[23],"to":[24,49,100,124,129],"address":[25],"shoulder-surfing":[26],"such":[27],"as":[28],"graphical":[29],"passwords,":[30],"gaze":[31,57,66],"input,":[32],"tactile":[33],"interfaces,":[34],"and":[35,47,85,106,118,132],"so":[36],"are":[38],"limited":[39],"by":[40,77],"low":[41],"accuracy,":[42],"lack":[43],"precise":[45],"gaze-input,":[46],"susceptibility":[48],"video":[50,125],"analysis":[51,126],"attack.":[52],"We":[53],"present":[54],"intelligent":[56],"gesture-based":[58],"that":[60],"authenticates":[61,74],"users":[62],"from":[63],"their":[64,79],"unique":[65],"patterns":[67],"onto":[68],"moving":[69],"geometric":[70],"shapes.":[71],"The":[72],"comparing":[78],"scan-path":[80],"each":[82],"shapes'":[83],"paths":[84],"recognizing":[86],"closest":[88],"path.":[89],"In":[90],"study":[92],"15":[94],"users,":[95],"authentication":[96,134],"accuracy":[97],"was":[98],"found":[99],"be":[101],"99%":[102],"true":[104],"calibration":[105],"96%":[107],"disturbed":[109],"calibration.":[110],"Also,":[111],"our":[112],"40%":[115],"less":[116],"susceptible":[117],"nearly":[119],"nine":[120],"times":[121],"more":[122],"time-consuming":[123],"attacks":[127],"compared":[128],"gaze-":[131],"PIN-based":[133],"system.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}