{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2561856298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3009837.3009849","title":"Big types in little runtime: open-world soundness and collaborative blame for gradual type systems","display_name":"Big types in little runtime: open-world soundness and collaborative blame for gradual type systems","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2561856298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3009837.3009849","mag":"2561856298"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3009837.3009849","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3009837.3009849","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3009837.3009849","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 44th ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3009837.3009849","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076417106","display_name":"Michael M. Vitousek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael M. Vitousek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000431946","display_name":"Cameron Swords","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cameron Swords","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033999458","display_name":"Jeremy G. Siek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9894-4856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy G. Siek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I592451"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4918,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94934908,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"762","last_page":"774"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soundness","display_name":"Soundness","score":0.9599108695983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.8107617497444153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.781646728515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.6865108609199524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-inference","display_name":"Type inference","score":0.5861967206001282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-programming","display_name":"Functional programming","score":0.45630472898483276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-analysis","display_name":"Static analysis","score":0.44023871421813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.43451613187789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16262194514274597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.0848606526851654}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693083","display_name":"Soundness","level":2,"score":0.9599108695983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.8107617497444153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.781646728515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.6865108609199524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198370458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586459","display_name":"Type inference","level":3,"score":0.5861967206001282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42383842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193076","display_name":"Functional programming","level":2,"score":0.45630472898483276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97686452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7604153","display_name":"Static analysis","level":2,"score":0.44023871421813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.43451613187789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16262194514274597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.0848606526851654}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3009837.3009849","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3009837.3009849","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3009837.3009849","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 44th ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3009837.3009849","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3009837.3009849","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3009837.3009849","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 44th ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1685178168","display_name":"SHF: Small: Information Effects","funder_award_id":"1217454","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6537961175","display_name":"SHF: Large: Gradual Typing Across the Spectrum","funder_award_id":"1518844","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2561856298.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2561856298.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W88524382","https://openalex.org/W753900477","https://openalex.org/W1496853143","https://openalex.org/W1508638970","https://openalex.org/W1526601993","https://openalex.org/W1562991736","https://openalex.org/W1580664042","https://openalex.org/W1760139041","https://openalex.org/W1973186567","https://openalex.org/W1980939032","https://openalex.org/W1983256770","https://openalex.org/W2000217350","https://openalex.org/W2028349555","https://openalex.org/W2034355944","https://openalex.org/W2044662740","https://openalex.org/W2044710350","https://openalex.org/W2052973434","https://openalex.org/W2091335641","https://openalex.org/W2096368963","https://openalex.org/W2100759424","https://openalex.org/W2102473657","https://openalex.org/W2104216136","https://openalex.org/W2110549939","https://openalex.org/W2113556560","https://openalex.org/W2123357908","https://openalex.org/W2128303158","https://openalex.org/W2128496924","https://openalex.org/W2131242794","https://openalex.org/W2134720688","https://openalex.org/W2141210774","https://openalex.org/W2150998213","https://openalex.org/W2156351739","https://openalex.org/W2165046128","https://openalex.org/W2169661165","https://openalex.org/W2183621552","https://openalex.org/W2218092420","https://openalex.org/W2252374344","https://openalex.org/W2284690928","https://openalex.org/W2295415424","https://openalex.org/W2397711898","https://openalex.org/W2538048264","https://openalex.org/W2543598396","https://openalex.org/W2742478755","https://openalex.org/W2796564118","https://openalex.org/W2962818160","https://openalex.org/W3163012639","https://openalex.org/W3177054185","https://openalex.org/W4229717394","https://openalex.org/W4230441739","https://openalex.org/W4244807040","https://openalex.org/W4247948196","https://openalex.org/W6623190102","https://openalex.org/W6651525624","https://openalex.org/W6673534538","https://openalex.org/W6691971355"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2867457158","https://openalex.org/W2159846532","https://openalex.org/W2979331965","https://openalex.org/W1966091859","https://openalex.org/W2139966078","https://openalex.org/W3019138974","https://openalex.org/W2081551198","https://openalex.org/W2294370068","https://openalex.org/W2095136535","https://openalex.org/W2105831091"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gradual":[0,177],"typing":[1,6,218],"combines":[2],"static":[3,20,191],"and":[4,16,22,26,51,67,133,167,192],"dynamic":[5,31,193],"in":[7,70,90,208],"the":[8,13,23,71,76,80,91,94,109,117,130,151,169,176,199,203,209],"same":[9],"language,":[10],"offering":[11],"programmers":[12],"error":[14],"detection":[15],"strong":[17],"guarantees":[18],"of":[19,30,79,93,202,211,216],"types":[21],"rapid":[24],"prototyping":[25],"flexible":[27],"programming":[28],"idioms":[29],"types.":[32],"Many":[33],"gradually":[34],"typed":[35],"languages":[36],"are":[37],"implemented":[38],"by":[39],"translation":[40],"into":[41],"an":[42,214],"untyped":[43,72],"target":[44],"language":[45,73],"(e.g.,":[46],"Typed":[47],"Clojure,":[48],"TypeScript,":[49],"Gradualtalk,":[50],"Reticulated":[52,212],"Python).":[53],"For":[54],"such":[55],"languages,":[56],"it":[57,101],"is":[58,102,206],"desirable":[59],"to":[60,104,155],"support":[61],"arbitrary":[62],"interaction":[63],"between":[64,190],"translated":[65,81],"code":[66,69],"legacy":[68],"while":[74],"maintaining":[75],"type":[77],"soundness":[78,96,107],"code.":[82],"In":[83,141],"this":[84,88,142,181],"paper":[85,143],"we":[86,124,144,196],"formalize":[87],"goal":[89],"form":[92],"open-world":[95,106,121,139],"criterion.":[97],"We":[98,161,172],"discuss":[99],"why":[100],"challenging":[103,148],"achieve":[105],"using":[108],"traditional":[110],"proxy-based":[111],"approach":[112,205],"for":[113,129,150,165,180,219],"higher-order":[114],"casts.":[115],"However,":[116],"transient":[118,131,152,204],"design":[119,132],"satisfies":[120,138],"soundness.":[122,140],"Indeed,":[123],"present":[125],"a":[126,147,163],"formal":[127],"semantics":[128,137,164],"prove":[134,168,174],"that":[135,175,184,198],"our":[136],"also":[145,173],"solve":[146],"problem":[149],"design:":[153],"how":[154],"provide":[156],"blame":[157,166],"tracking":[158],"without":[159],"proxies.":[160],"define":[162],"Blame":[170],"Theorem.":[171],"Guarantee":[178],"holds":[179],"system,":[182],"ensuring":[183],"programs":[185],"can":[186],"be":[187],"evolved":[188],"freely":[189],"typing.":[194],"Finally,":[195],"demonstrate":[197],"runtime":[200],"overhead":[201],"low":[207],"context":[210],"Python,":[213],"implementation":[215],"gradual":[217],"Python.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}