{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2615398246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3007193","title":"VLSI Architectures for the Restricted Boltzmann Machine","display_name":"VLSI Architectures for the Restricted Boltzmann Machine","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2615398246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3007193","mag":"2615398246"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3007193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3007193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96198239","display_name":"ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems","issn_l":"1550-4832","issn":["1550-4832","1550-4840"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100770278","display_name":"Bo Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6612-9948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125687163","display_name":"City College of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00wmhkr98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125687163"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174216632","display_name":"City University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00453a208","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093530","display_name":"City College","ror":"https://ror.org/00h90tg62","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093530"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bo Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of New York, City College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of New York, City College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174216632","https://openalex.org/I4210093530","https://openalex.org/I125687163"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007884053","display_name":"Keshab K. Parhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6543-2793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101327","display_name":"Twin Cities Orthopedics","ror":"https://ror.org/01en4s460","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keshab K. Parhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota, Twin Cities"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6543-2793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota, Twin Cities","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101327","https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100770278"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125687163","https://openalex.org/I174216632","https://openalex.org/I4210093530"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3698,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.682994,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9797000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.8902029395103455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7710506916046143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/restricted-boltzmann-machine","display_name":"Restricted Boltzmann machine","score":0.6438512206077576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/very-large-scale-integration","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","score":0.6076547503471375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5453209280967712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5438083410263062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.48175883293151855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4627952575683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.45795074105262756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boltzmann-machine","display_name":"Boltzmann machine","score":0.4332493245601654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.4175235629081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-acceleration","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","score":0.41698235273361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.41590675711631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.33766812086105347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.31165921688079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2805105447769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1974005103111267}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.8902029395103455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7710506916046143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199354608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316287","display_name":"Restricted Boltzmann machine","level":3,"score":0.6438512206077576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14580979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876049","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","level":2,"score":0.6076547503471375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5453209280967712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5438083410263062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.48175883293151855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4627952575683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.45795074105262756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192576344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194706","display_name":"Boltzmann machine","level":3,"score":0.4332493245601654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.4175235629081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13164978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600158","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","level":3,"score":0.41698235273361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.41590675711631775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.33766812086105347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.31165921688079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2805105447769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1974005103111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3007193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3007193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96198239","display_name":"ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems","issn_l":"1550-4832","issn":["1550-4832","1550-4840"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44815768","https://openalex.org/W1501488688","https://openalex.org/W1524093576","https://openalex.org/W1890351280","https://openalex.org/W1968422655","https://openalex.org/W1973695593","https://openalex.org/W1992286510","https://openalex.org/W2009832130","https://openalex.org/W2099736035","https://openalex.org/W2108379813","https://openalex.org/W2114153178","https://openalex.org/W2115448218","https://openalex.org/W2121423846","https://openalex.org/W2126838646","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2150609304","https://openalex.org/W2152839228","https://openalex.org/W2171318387"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4283272532","https://openalex.org/W2916681395","https://openalex.org/W2952018105","https://openalex.org/W2119341610","https://openalex.org/W2556473569","https://openalex.org/W2340408841","https://openalex.org/W2902142523","https://openalex.org/W2128151361","https://openalex.org/W1900302034","https://openalex.org/W2247134188"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neural":[0],"network":[1,40],"(NN)":[2],"systems":[3,22],"are":[4,23,59,93,104],"widely":[5],"used":[6,105,138],"in":[7,127,184],"many":[8],"important":[9,81],"applications":[10],"ranging":[11],"from":[12,48],"computer":[13],"vision":[14],"to":[15,61,95,106,139,192],"speech":[16],"recognition.":[17],"To":[18,52],"date,":[19],"most":[20],"NN":[21,64,84],"processed":[24],"by":[25,149],"general":[26],"processing":[27],"units":[28],"like":[29],"CPUs":[30],"or":[31],"GPUs.":[32],"However,":[33],"as":[34,190],"the":[35,43,90,97,108,116,119,141,157,176],"sizes":[36],"of":[37,73,83,144,152,179],"dataset":[38],"and":[39,101,146,187],"rapidly":[41],"increase,":[42],"original":[44],"software":[45],"implementations":[46],"suffer":[47],"long":[49],"training":[50,98,128,185],"time.":[51,129],"overcome":[53],"this":[54],"problem,":[55],"specialized":[56],"hardware":[57,71,91],"accelerators":[58],"needed":[60],"design":[62,163,178],"high-speed":[63],"systems.":[65,85],"This":[66],"article":[67],"presents":[68],"an":[69,80,132],"efficient":[70],"architecture":[72,122],"restricted":[74],"Boltzmann":[75],"machine":[76],"(RBM)":[77],"that":[78,175],"is":[79,111,136,165],"category":[82],"Various":[86],"optimization":[87],"approaches":[88,103],"at":[89],"level":[92],"performed":[94],"improve":[96],"speed.":[99],"As-soon-as-possible":[100],"overlapped-scheduling":[102],"reduce":[107,140],"latency.":[109],"It":[110],"shown":[112],"that,":[113],"compared":[114,191],"with":[115],"flat":[117],"design,":[118],"proposed":[120,158],"RBM":[121,162,180],"can":[123],"achieve":[124],"50%":[125],"reduction":[126],"In":[130],"addition,":[131],"on-the-fly":[133],"computation":[134],"scheme":[135],"also":[137],"storage":[142],"requirement":[143],"binary":[145],"stochastic":[147],"states":[148],"several":[150],"hundreds":[151],"times.":[153],"Then,":[154],"based":[155],"on":[156],"approach,":[159],"a":[160],"784-2252":[161],"example":[164],"developed":[166],"for":[167],"MNIST":[168],"handwritten":[169],"digit":[170],"recognition":[171],"dataset.":[172],"Analysis":[173],"shows":[174],"VLSI":[177],"achieves":[181],"significant":[182],"improvement":[183],"speed":[186],"energy":[188],"efficiency":[189],"CPU/GPU-based":[193],"solution.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}