{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2564147261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3005714","title":"A Survey on Systems Security Metrics","display_name":"A Survey on Systems Security Metrics","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2564147261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3005714","mag":"2564147261"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3005714","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3005714","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3005714","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3005714","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023559211","display_name":"Marcus Pendleton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45438204","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd65564","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcus Pendleton","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at San Antonio, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at San Antonio, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080967001","display_name":"Richard Garcia-Lebron","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45438204","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd65564","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Garcia-Lebron","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at San Antonio, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at San Antonio, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101476855","display_name":"Jin-Hee Cho","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166416128","display_name":"DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I166416128","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210154437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin-Hee Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["US Army Research Laboratory, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"US Army Research Laboratory, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166416128"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019179799","display_name":"Shouhuai Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8034-0942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45438204","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd65564","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shouhuai Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at San Antonio, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8034-0942","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at San Antonio, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":57.2731,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":283,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99852392,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"35"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.861650288105011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6057528257369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4242316782474518}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.861650288105011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6057528257369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4242316782474518}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3005714","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3005714","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3005714","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3005714","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3005714","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3005714","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2747436919","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-13-1-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6274897657","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-13","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6481390149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-13-1-0141","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7452299184","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8120862025","display_name":"TC: Large: Collaborative Research: Privacy-Enhanced Secure Data Provenance","funder_award_id":"1111925","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8727049869","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-13","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332201","display_name":"Office of the Secretary of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4sx826"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2564147261.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2564147261.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":154,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1655456","https://openalex.org/W22566950","https://openalex.org/W55887306","https://openalex.org/W59689660","https://openalex.org/W71235019","https://openalex.org/W94487276","https://openalex.org/W102672212","https://openalex.org/W134520987","https://openalex.org/W143386018","https://openalex.org/W145528294","https://openalex.org/W167157979","https://openalex.org/W178993840","https://openalex.org/W199832099","https://openalex.org/W598516583","https://openalex.org/W1415990210","https://openalex.org/W1429241971","https://openalex.org/W1463944966","https://openalex.org/W1487941708","https://openalex.org/W1489574895","https://openalex.org/W1490011260","https://openalex.org/W1508191694","https://openalex.org/W1520594178","https://openalex.org/W1526870393","https://openalex.org/W1547152107","https://openalex.org/W1582879267","https://openalex.org/W1588102820","https://openalex.org/W1631846088","https://openalex.org/W1691322864","https://openalex.org/W1707806712","https://openalex.org/W1800991598","https://openalex.org/W1837744551","https://openalex.org/W1892063863","https://openalex.org/W1962667153","https://openalex.org/W1963947298","https://openalex.org/W1964585873","https://openalex.org/W1981033991","https://openalex.org/W1984918390","https://openalex.org/W1986089039","https://openalex.org/W1989335842","https://openalex.org/W1992741024","https://openalex.org/W1993575476","https://openalex.org/W1998754934","https://openalex.org/W2002547931","https://openalex.org/W2009470162","https://openalex.org/W2014171012","https://openalex.org/W2016668099","https://openalex.org/W2018103052","https://openalex.org/W2021672148","https://openalex.org/W2022292029","https://openalex.org/W2023429893","https://openalex.org/W2027549176","https://openalex.org/W2030014066","https://openalex.org/W2030092670","https://openalex.org/W2032074358","https://openalex.org/W2038296020","https://openalex.org/W2043314203","https://openalex.org/W2044721700","https://openalex.org/W2048465382","https://openalex.org/W2048755632","https://openalex.org/W2049520899","https://openalex.org/W2051228787","https://openalex.org/W2052645878","https://openalex.org/W2053944475","https://openalex.org/W2054127354","https://openalex.org/W2054626033","https://openalex.org/W2057720927","https://openalex.org/W2064553186","https://openalex.org/W2065890363","https://openalex.org/W2066852506","https://openalex.org/W2067601737","https://openalex.org/W2070371464","https://openalex.org/W2071513314","https://openalex.org/W2077667328","https://openalex.org/W2080026455","https://openalex.org/W2080313875","https://openalex.org/W2081105932","https://openalex.org/W2083658929","https://openalex.org/W2084044852","https://openalex.org/W2084175160","https://openalex.org/W2089020037","https://openalex.org/W2089075252","https://openalex.org/W2089396968","https://openalex.org/W2095577883","https://openalex.org/W2097267243","https://openalex.org/W2098010707","https://openalex.org/W2098266409","https://openalex.org/W2099103357","https://openalex.org/W2099775215","https://openalex.org/W2100765095","https://openalex.org/W2103414007","https://openalex.org/W2104588447","https://openalex.org/W2109540106","https://openalex.org/W2111145992","https://openalex.org/W2112736324","https://openalex.org/W2117210791","https://openalex.org/W2120077409","https://openalex.org/W2121148228","https://openalex.org/W2121805588","https://openalex.org/W2122646361","https://openalex.org/W2124637492","https://openalex.org/W2125624394","https://openalex.org/W2126360800","https://openalex.org/W2128387723","https://openalex.org/W2129586531","https://openalex.org/W2130373165","https://openalex.org/W2136995341","https://openalex.org/W2139065819","https://openalex.org/W2140380475","https://openalex.org/W2141289698","https://openalex.org/W2142949813","https://openalex.org/W2144906988","https://openalex.org/W2150802402","https://openalex.org/W2151071772","https://openalex.org/W2152955531","https://openalex.org/W2157554212","https://openalex.org/W2159216827","https://openalex.org/W2159443917","https://openalex.org/W2160841769","https://openalex.org/W2162503364","https://openalex.org/W2162532690","https://openalex.org/W2167287136","https://openalex.org/W2184387311","https://openalex.org/W2187444646","https://openalex.org/W2188761011","https://openalex.org/W2221660756","https://openalex.org/W2242935657","https://openalex.org/W2258876169","https://openalex.org/W2290944024","https://openalex.org/W2293768274","https://openalex.org/W2296181180","https://openalex.org/W2296452361","https://openalex.org/W2340738312","https://openalex.org/W2350778671","https://openalex.org/W2407732742","https://openalex.org/W2435317846","https://openalex.org/W2584546696","https://openalex.org/W2592795186","https://openalex.org/W2626605705","https://openalex.org/W2752929869","https://openalex.org/W2910266888","https://openalex.org/W2912577494","https://openalex.org/W2963120360","https://openalex.org/W2963218066","https://openalex.org/W2963790977","https://openalex.org/W2963979702","https://openalex.org/W2964074424","https://openalex.org/W2964313867","https://openalex.org/W3111818035","https://openalex.org/W4205773144","https://openalex.org/W4232394032","https://openalex.org/W4248921909","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4298423176","https://openalex.org/W6687568838"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Security":[0],"metrics":[1,80,89,95,101,110,154,187,198],"have":[2,8],"received":[3],"significant":[4],"attention.":[5],"However,":[6],"they":[7,138],"not":[9],"been":[10],"systematically":[11],"explored":[12],"based":[13,82],"on":[14,53,83],"the":[15,27,32,84,116,132,145,150,185],"understanding":[16],"of":[17,29,34,64,90,96,102,111],"attack-defense":[18,66],"interactions,":[19],"which":[20],"are":[21,139],"affected":[22],"by":[23,76],"various":[24],"factors,":[25],"including":[26],"degree":[28],"system":[30,35,45,56,91,201],"vulnerabilities,":[31],"power":[33,98],"defense":[36,97],"mechanisms,":[37],"attack":[38,103],"(or":[39,160],"threat)":[40],"severity,":[41],"and":[42,108,135,155,158,165,190],"situations":[43,112],"a":[44,55,78,124,200],"at":[46],"risk":[47],"faces.":[48],"This":[49,68],"survey":[50,69],"particularly":[51],"focuses":[52],"how":[54,71,137],"security":[57,75,79,153,176,186,197,202],"state":[58],"can":[59],"evolve":[60],"as":[61],"an":[62,171],"outcome":[63],"cyber":[65],"interactions.":[67],"concerns":[70],"to":[72,131,141,162,169,195],"measure":[73],"system-level":[74],"proposing":[77],"framework":[81],"following":[85],"four":[86,120,128,133,146],"sub-metrics:":[87],"(1)":[88],"vulnerabilities":[92],",":[93,99,107],"(2)":[94],"(3)":[100],"or":[104],"threat":[105],"severity":[106],"(4)":[109],".":[113],"To":[114],"investigate":[115],"relationships":[117],"among":[118],"these":[119],"sub-metrics,":[121,147],"we":[122,148,179,191],"propose":[123],"hierarchical":[125],"ontology":[126],"with":[127],"sub-ontologies":[129],"corresponding":[130],"sub-metrics":[134],"discuss":[136,149,180],"related":[140],"each":[142],"other.":[143],"Using":[144],"state-of-art":[151],"existing":[152],"their":[156],"advantages":[157],"disadvantages":[159],"limitations)":[161],"obtain":[163],"lessons":[164],"insight":[166],"in":[167,174,184],"order":[168],"achieve":[170],"ideal":[172],"goal":[173],"developing":[175],"metrics.":[177],"Finally,":[178],"open":[181],"research":[182,188],"questions":[183],"domain":[189],"suggest":[192],"key":[193],"factors":[194],"enhance":[196],"from":[199],"perspective.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
