{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2566527471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3001836","title":"Security, Privacy, and Safety Aspects of Civilian Drones","display_name":"Security, Privacy, and Safety Aspects of Civilian Drones","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2566527471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3001836","mag":"2566527471"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/3001836","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3001836","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2506189754","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems","issn_l":"2378-962X","issn":["2378-962X","2378-9638"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027096660","display_name":"Riham AlTawy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4309-6044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Riham Altawy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Concordia University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Concordia University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085765243","display_name":"Amr Youssef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4284-8646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amr M. Youssef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Concordia University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Concordia University, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027096660"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":358.53,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":417,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99987889,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9797000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9599999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.971685528755188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.7035353183746338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aviation","display_name":"Aviation","score":0.6283568143844604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-security","display_name":"National security","score":0.5055346488952637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4848726689815521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.40251368284225464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aeronautics","display_name":"Aeronautics","score":0.3412351608276367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3270221948623657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2684135437011719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.25437185168266296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.1409580111503601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.07116487622261047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.971685528755188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7035353183746338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74448152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q765633","display_name":"Aviation","level":2,"score":0.6283568143844604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528167355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258307","display_name":"National security","level":2,"score":0.5055346488952637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4848726689815521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.40251368284225464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.3412351608276367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3270221948623657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2684135437011719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25437185168266296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1409580111503601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.07116487622261047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/3001836","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3001836","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2506189754","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems","issn_l":"2378-962X","issn":["2378-962X","2378-9638"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W16494053","https://openalex.org/W40396879","https://openalex.org/W126378795","https://openalex.org/W176787960","https://openalex.org/W365850277","https://openalex.org/W592612009","https://openalex.org/W627776696","https://openalex.org/W815108739","https://openalex.org/W1470570003","https://openalex.org/W1488193565","https://openalex.org/W1520034874","https://openalex.org/W1556212265","https://openalex.org/W1576648175","https://openalex.org/W1634196400","https://openalex.org/W1656028867","https://openalex.org/W1874399837","https://openalex.org/W1898224270","https://openalex.org/W1921864689","https://openalex.org/W1970374317","https://openalex.org/W1973408152","https://openalex.org/W1973909026","https://openalex.org/W1982359930","https://openalex.org/W1982466846","https://openalex.org/W1982610171","https://openalex.org/W1986218267","https://openalex.org/W1990357121","https://openalex.org/W1990852196","https://openalex.org/W2005661856","https://openalex.org/W2029659086","https://openalex.org/W2041344223","https://openalex.org/W2049985835","https://openalex.org/W2055229165","https://openalex.org/W2059768187","https://openalex.org/W2070449754","https://openalex.org/W2087937661","https://openalex.org/W2089255914","https://openalex.org/W2103193737","https://openalex.org/W2113970691","https://openalex.org/W2115106602","https://openalex.org/W2115302332","https://openalex.org/W2115772460","https://openalex.org/W2117435128","https://openalex.org/W2123990969","https://openalex.org/W2129940092","https://openalex.org/W2156165834","https://openalex.org/W2160452173","https://openalex.org/W2161998562","https://openalex.org/W2175171529","https://openalex.org/W2186079019","https://openalex.org/W2193490552","https://openalex.org/W2220234000","https://openalex.org/W2229409627","https://openalex.org/W2284373869","https://openalex.org/W2396871880","https://openalex.org/W2597092377","https://openalex.org/W2750413418","https://openalex.org/W2912115214","https://openalex.org/W2974331033","https://openalex.org/W4253574939","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4289127653"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4229448053","https://openalex.org/W2254414496","https://openalex.org/W2890665354","https://openalex.org/W319941286","https://openalex.org/W587136344","https://openalex.org/W851444952","https://openalex.org/W3184101823","https://openalex.org/W2020496922","https://openalex.org/W2228139345","https://openalex.org/W455304589"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"market":[1],"for":[2,177],"civilian":[3,24,79,113,157,182],"unmanned":[4,183],"aerial":[5,184],"vehicles,":[6],"also":[7,144],"known":[8],"as":[9,14],"drones,":[10],"is":[11,41,87],"expanding":[12],"rapidly":[13],"new":[15],"applications":[16],"are":[17],"emerging":[18],"to":[19,64,77],"incorporate":[20],"the":[21,33,44,47,70,82,85,101,110,116,124,134,146,154,178],"use":[22,111],"of":[23,35,50,112,129,156,181],"drones":[25,40,80,114],"in":[26,115,153],"our":[27,165],"daily":[28],"lives.":[29],"On":[30,43],"one":[31],"hand,":[32,46],"convenience":[34],"offering":[36],"certain":[37],"services":[38],"via":[39],"attractive.":[42],"other":[45],"mere":[48],"operation":[49,141],"these":[51],"airborne":[52],"machines,":[53],"which":[54],"rely":[55],"heavily":[56],"on":[57,164],"their":[58,96,139],"cyber":[59,127],"capabilities,":[60],"poses":[61],"great":[62],"threats":[63,128],"people":[65],"and":[66,91,105,126,132,149,161],"property.":[67],"Also,":[68],"while":[69],"Federal":[71],"Aviation":[72],"Administration":[73],"NextGen":[74],"project":[75],"aims":[76],"integrate":[78],"into":[81],"national":[83,117],"airspace,":[84],"regulation":[86],"still":[88],"a":[89,173],"work-in-progress":[90],"does":[92],"not":[93],"cope":[94],"with":[95,109],"threats.":[97],"This":[98],"article":[99],"surveys":[100],"main":[102],"security,":[103,159],"privacy,":[104],"safety":[106],"aspects":[107],"associated":[108],"airspace.":[118],"In":[119],"particular,":[120],"we":[121,167],"identify":[122,145],"both":[123],"physical":[125],"such":[130],"systems":[131],"discuss":[133],"security":[135,170],"properties":[136],"required":[137],"by":[138],"critical":[140],"environment.":[142],"We":[143],"research":[147],"challenges":[148],"possible":[150],"future":[151],"directions":[152],"fields":[155],"drone":[158],"safety,":[160],"privacy.":[162],"Based":[163],"investigation,":[166],"forecast":[168],"that":[169],"will":[171],"be":[172],"central":[174],"enabling":[175],"technology":[176],"next":[179],"generation":[180],"vehicles.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":64},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":68},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":73},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-06T07:47:59.780226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
