{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2586829215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2994594","title":"Polymorphic Manifest Contracts, Revised and Resolved","display_name":"Polymorphic Manifest Contracts, Revised and Resolved","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-02-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2586829215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2994594","mag":"2586829215"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2994594","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2994594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41449414","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","issn_l":"0164-0925","issn":["0164-0925","1558-4593"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018002187","display_name":"Taro Sekiyama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9286-230X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22299242","display_name":"Kyoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpeqv85","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taro Sekiyama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyoto University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyoto University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077485499","display_name":"Atsushi Igarashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5143-9764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22299242","display_name":"Kyoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpeqv85","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atsushi Igarashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075185353","display_name":"Michael Greenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0014-7670"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177881444","display_name":"Pomona College","ror":"https://ror.org/0074grg94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177881444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Greenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pomona College, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pomona College, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177881444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8588,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88865925,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"36"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.9704999923706055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soundness","display_name":"Soundness","score":0.9290217757225037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.781462550163269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6582924127578735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type","display_name":"Type (biology)","score":0.5928418040275574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-theory","display_name":"Type theory","score":0.48730623722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependent-type","display_name":"Dependent type","score":0.4490700960159302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lambda-calculus","display_name":"Lambda calculus","score":0.41162100434303284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.382129967212677}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693083","display_name":"Soundness","level":2,"score":0.9290217757225037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.781462550163269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6582924127578735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777299769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707858","display_name":"Type (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5928418040275574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93682546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056428","display_name":"Type theory","level":3,"score":0.48730623722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20528804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q997433","display_name":"Dependent type","level":3,"score":0.4490700960159302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135790938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242028","display_name":"Lambda calculus","level":2,"score":0.41162100434303284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.382129967212677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2994594","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2994594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41449414","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","issn_l":"0164-0925","issn":["0164-0925","1558-4593"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4861723","https://openalex.org/W37142284","https://openalex.org/W54214954","https://openalex.org/W326743114","https://openalex.org/W1502282368","https://openalex.org/W1508098446","https://openalex.org/W1606467147","https://openalex.org/W1614627710","https://openalex.org/W1827112781","https://openalex.org/W1949275316","https://openalex.org/W1968796785","https://openalex.org/W1974190112","https://openalex.org/W1980939032","https://openalex.org/W1984514567","https://openalex.org/W1984807151","https://openalex.org/W1986188859","https://openalex.org/W2003969655","https://openalex.org/W2005192022","https://openalex.org/W2011992237","https://openalex.org/W2027189949","https://openalex.org/W2032687731","https://openalex.org/W2044758536","https://openalex.org/W2052973434","https://openalex.org/W2057292961","https://openalex.org/W2060029146","https://openalex.org/W2061127958","https://openalex.org/W2073686054","https://openalex.org/W2075981791","https://openalex.org/W2075994573","https://openalex.org/W2081841061","https://openalex.org/W2087828835","https://openalex.org/W2096368963","https://openalex.org/W2097959001","https://openalex.org/W2100759424","https://openalex.org/W2101085206","https://openalex.org/W2104216136","https://openalex.org/W2109772966","https://openalex.org/W2112121519","https://openalex.org/W2118512391","https://openalex.org/W2127402358","https://openalex.org/W2128303158","https://openalex.org/W2128315858","https://openalex.org/W2128496924","https://openalex.org/W2135322712","https://openalex.org/W2141210774","https://openalex.org/W2144160229","https://openalex.org/W2149412346","https://openalex.org/W2149469095","https://openalex.org/W2150998213","https://openalex.org/W2151716725","https://openalex.org/W2152257765","https://openalex.org/W2153631167","https://openalex.org/W2160241785","https://openalex.org/W2273111921","https://openalex.org/W2295923951","https://openalex.org/W2610831210","https://openalex.org/W2742270218","https://openalex.org/W2796564118","https://openalex.org/W2912100275","https://openalex.org/W2912351643","https://openalex.org/W2914089871","https://openalex.org/W2987907651","https://openalex.org/W3099703838","https://openalex.org/W3137596000","https://openalex.org/W3146075203","https://openalex.org/W3163012639","https://openalex.org/W4236324644","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4306816010","https://openalex.org/W2170599098","https://openalex.org/W2163980057","https://openalex.org/W4225424606","https://openalex.org/W4306353309","https://openalex.org/W4386614239","https://openalex.org/W3021962464","https://openalex.org/W2003295197","https://openalex.org/W3083301185","https://openalex.org/W2787703111"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Manifest":[0],"contracts":[1,33,80,150],"track":[2],"precise":[3],"program":[4],"properties":[5,84],"by":[6],"refining":[7],"types":[8],"with":[9,78,185,197],"predicates\u2014for":[10],"example,":[11],"{":[12,63],"x":[13,15,64,70],":Int\u2223":[14],">":[16],"0}":[17],"denotes":[18],"the":[19,57,95,113,121,160,180,192],"positive":[20],"integers.":[21],"Contracts":[22],"and":[23,40,81,88,144,151],"polymorphism":[24,119],"make":[25],"a":[26,75,168],"natural":[27],"combination:":[28],"programmers":[29],"can":[30],"give":[31],"strong":[32],"to":[34,174],"abstract":[35,50],"types,":[36],"precisely":[37],"stating":[38],"pre-":[39],"post":[41],"conditions":[42],"while":[43],"hiding":[44],"implementation":[45],"details\u2014":[46],"for":[47],"instance,":[48],"an":[49],"type":[51,62,86,161],"of":[52,132],"stacks":[53],"might":[54],"specify":[55],"that":[56],"pop":[58],"operation":[59],"has":[60],"input":[61],":\u03b1":[65],"Stack":[66],"\u2223":[67],"not":[68,94,106,127],"(empty":[69],")}.":[71],"This":[72],"article":[73,134],"studies":[74],"polymorphic":[76,99,148,182],"calculus":[77,178,184],"manifest":[79,100,149,183],"establishes":[82],"fundamental":[83],"including":[85],"soundness":[87],"relational":[89],"parametricity.":[90,129],"Indeed,":[91,164],"this":[92,133],"is":[93,179],"first":[96,181],"work":[97],"on":[98,167,188,200],"contracts,":[101],"but":[102,124,153],"existing":[103],"calculi":[104,155,196],"are":[105],"very":[107],"satisfactory.":[108],"Gronski":[109],"et":[110,141],"al.":[111,142],"developed":[112],"S":[114],"age":[115],"language,":[116],"which":[117,171],"introduces":[118],"through":[120],"Type:Type":[122],"discipline,":[123],"they":[125,165],"do":[126],"study":[128],"Some":[130],"authors":[131],"have":[135,156],"produced":[136],"two":[137],"separate":[138],"works:":[139],"Belo":[140],"[2011]":[143],"Greenberg":[145],"[2013]":[146],"studied":[147],"parametricity,":[152,186],"their":[154],"metatheoretical":[157],"problems":[158],"in":[159,194],"conversion":[162],"relations.":[163],"depend":[166],"few":[169],"conjectures,":[170],"turn":[172],"out":[173],"be":[175],"false.":[176],"Our":[177],"depending":[187],"no":[189],"conjectures\u2014it":[190],"resolves":[191],"issues":[193],"prior":[195],"delayed":[198],"substitution":[199],"casts.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}