{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2547398966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2988287.2989175","title":"Backhaul Routing and Base Station Sleep Mode Engagement in Energy Harvesting Cellular Networks","display_name":"Backhaul Routing and Base Station Sleep Mode Engagement in Energy Harvesting Cellular Networks","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2547398966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2988287.2989175","mag":"2547398966"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2988287.2989175","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2988287.2989175","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th ACM International Conference on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/438975","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011710539","display_name":"Jorge Baranda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7764-5662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087295","display_name":"Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/001cwea56","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Baranda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC), Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC), Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002762673","display_name":"Marco Miozzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3872-5907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087295","display_name":"Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/001cwea56","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Miozzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC), Castelldefles, Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC), Castelldefles, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055526140","display_name":"Paolo Dini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-0289"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087295","display_name":"Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/001cwea56","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Dini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC), Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC), Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077752767","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 N\u00fa\u00f1ez Mart\u00ednez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087295","display_name":"Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/001cwea56","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 N\u00fa\u00f1ez - Martinez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC), Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC), Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045416191","display_name":"Josep Mangues Bafalluy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087295","display_name":"Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/001cwea56","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josep Mangues - Bafalluy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC), Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC), Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011710539"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11507051,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"186","last_page":"189"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backhaul","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","score":0.949077844619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.79612797498703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7122659683227539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6813127398490906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-access-network","display_name":"Radio access network","score":0.5118162035942078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.48548415303230286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.44914817810058594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.41825366020202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-mesh-network","display_name":"Wireless mesh network","score":0.41174641251564026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3942053020000458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.3605119287967682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1761699914932251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.166194885969162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-station","display_name":"Mobile station","score":0.13786914944648743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103760667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798444","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","level":3,"score":0.949077844619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.79612797498703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7122659683227539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6813127398490906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106365562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078360","display_name":"Radio access network","level":4,"score":0.5118162035942078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.48548415303230286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.44914817810058594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.41825366020202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31548570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6453712","display_name":"Wireless mesh network","level":4,"score":0.41174641251564026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3942053020000458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.3605119287967682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1761699914932251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.166194885969162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207029474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384018","display_name":"Mobile station","level":3,"score":0.13786914944648743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2988287.2989175","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2988287.2989175","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th ACM International Conference on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:438975","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/438975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:438975","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/438975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2044652972","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TEC2014-60491-R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4973411871","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"645047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1787677237","https://openalex.org/W2023607571","https://openalex.org/W2068915275","https://openalex.org/W2086745711","https://openalex.org/W2132066959","https://openalex.org/W2144137225","https://openalex.org/W2144789941","https://openalex.org/W2148058923","https://openalex.org/W2226306742","https://openalex.org/W2227699157","https://openalex.org/W2295325604","https://openalex.org/W2343100710","https://openalex.org/W3099777025","https://openalex.org/W3103403280"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4297310313","https://openalex.org/W2963149344","https://openalex.org/W2012551222","https://openalex.org/W2097644939","https://openalex.org/W4303414366","https://openalex.org/W2041847789","https://openalex.org/W2594059527","https://openalex.org/W1724300815","https://openalex.org/W2357429841","https://openalex.org/W4200445394"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Future":[0],"dense":[1],"mobile":[2,129],"networks":[3],"will":[4],"imply":[5],"much":[6],"higher":[7],"costs":[8],"both":[9],"in":[10,65,172],"access":[11,34],"and":[12,60,136],"backhaul.":[13],"This":[14],"paper":[15],"analyzes":[16],"the":[17,32,52,55,69,73,97,108,114,122,127,148,151,173],"effect":[18],"on":[19,76],"wireless":[20,109,133],"mesh":[21,110,134],"backhaul":[22,111,174],"routing":[23,105],"performance":[24,171],"when":[25],"energy":[26,48,70,153],"saving":[27],"policies":[28],"are":[29],"present":[30],"at":[31],"radio":[33],"network":[35,42,74,115,130],"(RAN).":[36],"We":[37,120],"consider":[38],"an":[39,144,160],"heterogeneous":[40],"two-tier":[41],"where":[43],"small":[44],"cells":[45],"(SC)":[46],"with":[47,159],"harvesting":[49],"capabilities":[50],"extend":[51],"capacity":[53],"of":[54,72,82,147,150,162,167,169],"macro":[56],"base":[57],"stations":[58],"(MBS),":[59],"can":[61],"autonomously":[62],"switch":[63],"on-off":[64],"order":[66],"to":[67,93,96,112,125,164],"increase":[68],"efficiency":[71],"based":[75],"a":[77,102,165],"Q-learning":[78],"(QL)":[79],"algorithm.":[80],"Instead":[81],"calculating":[83],"new":[84],"routes":[85],"for":[86,107],"each":[87],"SCs":[88],"activation":[89],"pattern,":[90],"we":[91],"propose":[92],"agnostically":[94],"adapt":[95],"RAN":[98,152],"traffic":[99,157],"demands":[100,158],"using":[101],"non-route-based":[103],"backpressure":[104],"policy":[106],"even":[113],"resource":[116],"usage":[117],"amongst":[118],"SCs.":[119],"used":[121],"ns-3":[123],"simulator":[124],"integrate":[126],"different":[128],"segments:":[131],"RAN,":[132],"backhaul,":[135],"evolved":[137],"packet":[138],"core":[139],"(EPC).":[140],"Simulation":[141],"results":[142],"show":[143],"achieved":[145],"reduction":[146],"%37%":[149],"consumption":[154],"while":[155],"satisfying":[156],"improvement":[161],"up":[163],"factor":[166],"10":[168],"delay":[170],"during":[175],"peak":[176],"hours.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}