{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2535631240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2988239","title":"On the Workflow Satisfiability Problem with Class-Independent Constraints for Hierarchical Organizations","display_name":"On the Workflow Satisfiability Problem with Class-Independent Constraints for Hierarchical Organizations","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2535631240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2988239","mag":"2535631240"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2988239","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2988239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174050","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","issn_l":"2471-2566","issn":["2471-2566","2471-2574"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109050799","display_name":"Jason Crampton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2151-8426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184558857","display_name":"Royal Holloway University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04g2vpn86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I184558857"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jason Crampton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112455944","display_name":"Andrei Gagarin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184558857","display_name":"Royal Holloway University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04g2vpn86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I184558857"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrei Gagarin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044021493","display_name":"Gregory Gutin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2377-0417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184558857","display_name":"Royal Holloway University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04g2vpn86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I184558857"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory Gutin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091128796","display_name":"Mark Jones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4091-7089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184558857","display_name":"Royal Holloway University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04g2vpn86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I184558857"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001475076","display_name":"Magnus Wahlstr\u00f6m","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0933-4504"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184558857","display_name":"Royal Holloway University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04g2vpn86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I184558857"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Magnus Wahlstr\u00f6m","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109050799"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184558857"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9902,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96555911,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10927","display_name":"Access Control and Trust","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10927","display_name":"Access Control and Trust","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6806443929672241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boolean-satisfiability-problem","display_name":"Boolean satisfiability problem","score":0.662898063659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.6228511929512024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.551296055316925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5093382596969604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.508441150188446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satisfiability","display_name":"Satisfiability","score":0.4690684974193573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-control","display_name":"Access control","score":0.46164506673812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalence","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","score":0.44711819291114807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.426086962223053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23470595479011536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.17394864559173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.16673022508621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.1228516697883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11950212717056274}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6806443929672241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6943359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875276","display_name":"Boolean satisfiability problem","level":2,"score":0.662898063659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.6228511929512024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.551296055316925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5093382596969604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.508441150188446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168773769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1350299","display_name":"Satisfiability","level":2,"score":0.4690684974193573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527821871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228502","display_name":"Access control","level":2,"score":0.46164506673812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.44711819291114807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.426086962223053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23470595479011536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.17394864559173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.16673022508621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.1228516697883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11950212717056274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2988239","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2988239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174050","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","issn_l":"2471-2566","issn":["2471-2566","2471-2574"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:http://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:95318","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:http://orca-dev.cardiff.ac.uk:95318","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/95318/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1138573040","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/K005162/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2136268584","display_name":"Parameterized Algorithmics for the Analysis and Verification of Constrained Workflow Systems","funder_award_id":"EP/K005162/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W36639738","https://openalex.org/W250865208","https://openalex.org/W1488721024","https://openalex.org/W1625914768","https://openalex.org/W1917327560","https://openalex.org/W1964889053","https://openalex.org/W2007774531","https://openalex.org/W2037376972","https://openalex.org/W2038953226","https://openalex.org/W2052773530","https://openalex.org/W2057028717","https://openalex.org/W2068031952","https://openalex.org/W2075597034","https://openalex.org/W2077000739","https://openalex.org/W2116714932","https://openalex.org/W2145793726","https://openalex.org/W2162171351","https://openalex.org/W2199064006","https://openalex.org/W2490706771","https://openalex.org/W2962767718","https://openalex.org/W3102379243","https://openalex.org/W3108106901","https://openalex.org/W4394346724"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2115480761","https://openalex.org/W4386614288","https://openalex.org/W3176904788","https://openalex.org/W21597398","https://openalex.org/W2091617677","https://openalex.org/W4298153058","https://openalex.org/W2408080066","https://openalex.org/W1913543287","https://openalex.org/W2268872489","https://openalex.org/W2920896101"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"workflow":[1,43,60,79],"specification":[2],"defines":[3],"a":[4,8,22,135],"set":[5,9,149],"of":[6,10,34,40,50,57,70,78,105,110,134,144,150,155,205,213,222,235],"steps,":[7],"users,":[11],"and":[12,28,72,129,186,208],"an":[13,55,188,215],"access":[14],"control":[15],"policy.":[16,65],"The":[17,42,220],"policy":[18],"determines":[19],"which":[20,32,38,113,126],"steps":[21,61],"user":[23],"is":[24,47,83,174],"authorized":[25],"to":[26,59,85,94,116,125,163,191,201],"perform":[27,37,199],"imposes":[29],"constraints":[30,139,180],"on":[31,122],"sets":[33,39,154],"users":[35,58,127],"can":[36],"steps.":[41],"satisfiability":[44],"problem":[45,49],"(WSP)":[46],"the":[48,64,67,76,102,108,123,132,148,203],"determining":[51],"whether":[52],"there":[53],"exists":[54],"assignment":[56],"that":[62,88,172,212,226],"satisfies":[63],"Given":[66],"computational":[68],"hardness":[69],"WSP":[71,106,173,193],"its":[73],"importance":[74],"in":[75,107,142,167],"context":[77],"management":[80],"systems,":[81],"it":[82,210],"important":[84],"develop":[86,187],"algorithms":[87],"are":[89,140],"as":[90,92],"efficient":[91],"possible":[93],"solve":[95,192],"WSP.":[96,236],"In":[97],"this":[98,160],"article,":[99],"we":[100],"study":[101],"fixed-parameter":[103,175],"tractability":[104],"presence":[109],"class-independent":[111,179],"constraints,":[112],"enable":[114],"us":[115,162],"(1)":[117],"model":[118,164],"security":[119,165],"requirements":[120,166],"based":[121],"groups":[124],"belong":[128],"(2)":[130],"generalize":[131],"notion":[133],"user-independent":[136],"constraint.":[137],"Class-independent":[138],"defined":[141,181],"terms":[143],"equivalence":[145,157,184],"relations":[146,158,185],"over":[147,182],"users.":[151],"We":[152,170,198],"consider":[153],"nested":[156,183],"because":[159],"enables":[161],"hierarchical":[168],"organizations.":[169],"prove":[171],"tractable":[176],"(FPT)":[177],"for":[178,232],"FPT":[189],"algorithm":[190,207,228],"instances":[194,234],"incorporating":[195],"such":[196],"constraints.":[197],"experiments":[200,224],"evaluate":[202],"performance":[204],"our":[206,227],"compare":[209],"with":[211],"SAT4J,":[214],"off-the-shelf":[216],"pseudo-Boolean":[217],"SAT":[218],"solver.":[219],"results":[221],"these":[223],"demonstrate":[225],"significantly":[229],"outperforms":[230],"SAT4J":[231],"many":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
