{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2538856787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2986012.2986031","title":"The left hand of equals","display_name":"The left hand of equals","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2538856787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2986012.2986031","mag":"2538856787"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2986012.2986031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2986012.2986031","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2986012.2986031?download=true","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Symposium on New Ideas, New Paradigms, and Reflections on Programming and Software","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2986012.2986031?download=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078368556","display_name":"James Noble","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9036-5692"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41156924","display_name":"Victoria University of Wellington","ror":"https://ror.org/0040r6f76","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James Noble","raw_affiliation_strings":["Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020465849","display_name":"Andrew P. Black","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0014-6483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126345244","display_name":"Portland State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yn2fy02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew P. Black","raw_affiliation_strings":["Portland State University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Portland State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126345244"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111954167","display_name":"Kim B. Bruce","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177881444","display_name":"Pomona College","ror":"https://ror.org/0074grg94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177881444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kim B. Bruce","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pomona College, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pomona College, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177881444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013231053","display_name":"Michael Homer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0280-6748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41156924","display_name":"Victoria University of Wellington","ror":"https://ror.org/0040r6f76","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Homer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045953142","display_name":"Mark S. Miller","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark S. Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078368556"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8834,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84775038,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"224","last_page":"237"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.8344349265098572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.8053190112113953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6049444675445557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/method","display_name":"Method","score":0.47218528389930725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-oriented-programming","display_name":"Object-oriented programming","score":0.37267419695854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.36287903785705566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.33329805731773376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27649378776550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.1175488531589508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aesthetics","display_name":"Aesthetics","score":0.07471871376037598}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.8344349265098572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.8053190112113953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6049444675445557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512554520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815844","display_name":"Method","level":3,"score":0.47218528389930725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73752529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79872","display_name":"Object-oriented programming","level":2,"score":0.37267419695854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.36287903785705566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33329805731773376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27649378776550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.1175488531589508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.07471871376037598}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2986012.2986031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2986012.2986031","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2986012.2986031?download=true","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Symposium on New Ideas, New Paradigms, and Reflections on Programming and Software","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2986012.2986031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2986012.2986031","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2986012.2986031?download=true","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Symposium on New Ideas, New Paradigms, and Reflections on Programming and Software","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1013137589","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Marsden","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320774","funder_display_name":"Royal Society Te Ap\u0101rangi"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2674840903","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Fellowship","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320006","funder_display_name":"Royal Society"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320006","display_name":"Royal Society","ror":"https://ror.org/03wnrjx87"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320774","display_name":"Royal Society Te Ap\u0101rangi","ror":"https://ror.org/04tajb587"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335369","display_name":"Marsden Fund","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2538856787.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2538856787.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W137915523","https://openalex.org/W194677851","https://openalex.org/W1528949458","https://openalex.org/W1544933093","https://openalex.org/W1586420703","https://openalex.org/W1593874741","https://openalex.org/W1627865731","https://openalex.org/W1644882639","https://openalex.org/W1739798036","https://openalex.org/W1754883368","https://openalex.org/W1758438229","https://openalex.org/W1770006921","https://openalex.org/W1985275803","https://openalex.org/W1999662942","https://openalex.org/W2033443995","https://openalex.org/W2049109425","https://openalex.org/W2058639022","https://openalex.org/W2065504661","https://openalex.org/W2086017878","https://openalex.org/W2095839043","https://openalex.org/W2106193618","https://openalex.org/W2113547509","https://openalex.org/W2139672701","https://openalex.org/W2149686793","https://openalex.org/W2169661165","https://openalex.org/W2293810946","https://openalex.org/W2295813272","https://openalex.org/W2302644116","https://openalex.org/W2622427009","https://openalex.org/W2986348978","https://openalex.org/W3172442120","https://openalex.org/W3183224878","https://openalex.org/W4245021137","https://openalex.org/W4248561085","https://openalex.org/W4251028231","https://openalex.org/W6620799009","https://openalex.org/W6632745792","https://openalex.org/W6636988782","https://openalex.org/W6637879497","https://openalex.org/W6677226973","https://openalex.org/W6684208002","https://openalex.org/W6697772786"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996634615","https://openalex.org/W2128203364","https://openalex.org/W1578809901","https://openalex.org/W2937040659","https://openalex.org/W2108712229","https://openalex.org/W2611825707","https://openalex.org/W2165972381","https://openalex.org/W1580516753","https://openalex.org/W2552002334","https://openalex.org/W1565877111"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"is":[1,11,23,34],"one":[2,59],"object":[3,9,16],"equal":[4],"to":[5,13,25,72],"another":[6],"object?":[7],"While":[8],"identity":[10,31],"fundamental":[12],"object-oriented":[14,37],"systems,":[15],"equality,":[17,64],"although":[18],"tightly":[19],"intertwined":[20],"with":[21],"identity,":[22],"harder":[24],"pin":[26],"down.":[27],"The":[28],"distinction":[29],"between":[30],"and":[32,65],"equality":[33],"reflected":[35],"in":[36],"languages,":[38],"almost":[39],"all":[40],"of":[41,46,60,63],"which":[42],"provide":[43,50],"two":[44],"variants":[45],"\"equality\",":[47],"while":[48],"some":[49],"many":[51],"more.":[52],"Programmers":[53],"can":[54,66],"usually":[55],"override":[56],"at":[57],"least":[58],"these":[61],"forms":[62],"always":[67],"define":[68],"their":[69,74],"own":[70,75],"methods":[71],"distinguish":[73],"objects.":[76]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
