{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2537263943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2986012.2986020","title":"Lightweight programming experiments without programmers and programs: an example study on the effect of similarity and number of object identifiers on the readability of source code using natural texts","display_name":"Lightweight programming experiments without programmers and programs: an example study on the effect of similarity and number of object identifiers on the readability of source code using natural texts","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2537263943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2986012.2986020","mag":"2537263943"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2986012.2986020","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2986012.2986020","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Symposium on New Ideas, New Paradigms, and Reflections on Programming and Software","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054288693","display_name":"Tim Marter","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Marter","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033216457","display_name":"Paul Babucke","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Babucke","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083703869","display_name":"Philipp Lembken","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Lembken","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027034338","display_name":"Stefan Hanenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5936-2143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Hanenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3807,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87230495,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8301154971122742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/readability","display_name":"Readability","score":0.8154841661453247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identifier","display_name":"Identifier","score":0.7236034870147705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6796144843101501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.6734775304794312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-comprehension","display_name":"Program comprehension","score":0.5591832995414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5190382599830627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4758997857570648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.4655874967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-code","display_name":"Object code","score":0.4505298435688019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4291137158870697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3388170003890991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.33186596632003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.26510220766067505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.16828981041908264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-generation","display_name":"Code generation","score":0.11843046545982361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.09953552484512329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09618169069290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.0697748064994812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8301154971122742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778143727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820650","display_name":"Readability","level":2,"score":0.8154841661453247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.7236034870147705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6796144843101501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.6734775304794312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777561058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2652119","display_name":"Program comprehension","level":4,"score":0.5591832995414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5190382599830627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4758997857570648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4655874967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154526789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157965","display_name":"Object code","level":4,"score":0.4505298435688019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4291137158870697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3388170003890991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.33186596632003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26510220766067505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.16828981041908264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133162039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061077","display_name":"Code generation","level":3,"score":0.11843046545982361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.09953552484512329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09618169069290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0697748064994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2986012.2986020","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2986012.2986020","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Symposium on New Ideas, New Paradigms, and Reflections on Programming and Software","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W86773645","https://openalex.org/W1508537624","https://openalex.org/W1511267087","https://openalex.org/W1840884391","https://openalex.org/W1975976188","https://openalex.org/W1982864902","https://openalex.org/W1986899979","https://openalex.org/W2002763011","https://openalex.org/W2035529004","https://openalex.org/W2045781957","https://openalex.org/W2048464280","https://openalex.org/W2068245608","https://openalex.org/W2100044779","https://openalex.org/W2100625161","https://openalex.org/W2113294746","https://openalex.org/W2113697305","https://openalex.org/W2126709225","https://openalex.org/W2128966215","https://openalex.org/W2142391150","https://openalex.org/W2153887189","https://openalex.org/W2157148654","https://openalex.org/W2159739762","https://openalex.org/W2174731364","https://openalex.org/W2575608730","https://openalex.org/W3149750418","https://openalex.org/W4240016465"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3008773848","https://openalex.org/W2066182606","https://openalex.org/W2136808032","https://openalex.org/W2122804569","https://openalex.org/W2883301371","https://openalex.org/W2460969868","https://openalex.org/W53653089","https://openalex.org/W4240565647","https://openalex.org/W2157984409","https://openalex.org/W2098192829"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,20,28,55,68,116,128,176,189],"often":[2,22],"said":[3,23],"that":[4,24,187,196,206],"controlled":[5,26,77],"experiments":[6,27,60,67,78,84,94,102,195,209],"should":[7,222],"check":[8],"the":[9,62,74,93,111,121,148,174,198,214],"effect":[10,149],"of":[11,42,76,150,152,156,173,200,216,234],"programming":[12,98],"languages":[13],"or":[14],"styles":[15],"on":[16,147,158],"programming.":[17],"But":[18],"it":[19,127,188],"also":[21],"running":[25],"a":[29,40,140,145,184],"very":[30],"time":[31],"consuming":[32],"and":[33,70,91,133,154,166,221],"error":[34],"prone":[35],"task":[36],"\u2013":[37,161,218],"that's":[38],"why":[39],"lot":[41],"researchers":[43],"do":[44,85,95],"not":[45,86,96,223],"run":[46,65,192],"such":[47,66,101,139,193,207],"experiments.":[48,202],"Both":[49],"arguments":[50],"are":[51],"plausible,":[52],"but":[53,125,227],"there":[54],"potentially":[56],"an":[57],"alternative:":[58],"lightweight":[59,141,194,208],"where":[61,110,126],"effort":[63],"to":[64,104,113,120,130,178,191],"low":[69],"which":[71,182],"(still)":[72,117],"fulfill":[73],"requirements":[75],"with":[79],"two":[80],"exceptions:":[81],"First,":[82],"these":[83],"use":[87],"programmers":[88,168],"as":[89,169],"subjects,":[90],"second,":[92],"contain":[97],"tasks.":[99],"Instead,":[100],"try":[103],"find":[105,131],"analogies":[106],"from":[107],"other":[108,179],"domains":[109],"topic":[112],"be":[114,211],"studied":[115],"close":[118],"enough":[119],"original":[122],"target":[123],"domain":[124],"easier":[129],"participants":[132],"experimental":[134,180],"setups.":[135],"This":[136,203],"paper":[137,204],"illustrates":[138],"experiment":[142,175],"by":[143],"introducing":[144],"study":[146],"number":[151],"identifiers":[153,157],"similarity":[155],"(code)":[159],"readability":[160],"without":[162,167],"using":[163],"source":[164],"code":[165],"subjects.":[170],"The":[171],"result":[172],"comparable":[177],"results":[181,199],"gives":[183],"first":[185],"indicator":[186],"possible":[190],"approximate":[197],"full-blown":[201,225],"argues":[205],"could":[210],"useful":[212],"in":[213,231],"process":[215],"experimentation":[217],"they":[219,228],"cannot":[220],"supersede":[224],"experiments,":[226],"can":[229],"help":[230],"early":[232],"stages":[233],"experimentation.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
