{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2535104337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2976749.2978389","title":"A Secure Sharding Protocol For Open Blockchains","display_name":"A Secure Sharding Protocol For Open Blockchains","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2535104337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2976749.2978389","mag":"2535104337"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2976749.2978389","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2976749.2978389","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059416296","display_name":"Loi Luu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Loi Luu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103381814","display_name":"Viswesh Narayanan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7203-440X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viswesh Narayanan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036490031","display_name":"Chaodong Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaodong Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070368025","display_name":"Kunal Baweja","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kunal Baweja","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042520814","display_name":"Seth Gilbert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3298-7412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seth Gilbert","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034054081","display_name":"Prateek Saxena","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1875-8675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prateek Saxena","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059416296"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":78.8487,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1394,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99966968,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"17","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7861406207084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7447500824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.7160415649414062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","score":0.7135522365570068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.6781635284423828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.48587149381637573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4668565094470978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.45922958850860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-protocol","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","score":0.422077476978302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4004356563091278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.16476908326148987}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7861406207084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7447500824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.7160415649414062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180706569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479982","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","level":2,"score":0.7135522365570068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.6781635284423828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.48587149381637573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4668565094470978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.45922958850860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.422077476978302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4004356563091278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.16476908326148987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2976749.2978389","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2976749.2978389","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W260189897","https://openalex.org/W1130192991","https://openalex.org/W1520914943","https://openalex.org/W1542807488","https://openalex.org/W1698117324","https://openalex.org/W1760381732","https://openalex.org/W1819513546","https://openalex.org/W1831187082","https://openalex.org/W1987161563","https://openalex.org/W1999522397","https://openalex.org/W2001271834","https://openalex.org/W2003406796","https://openalex.org/W2010256818","https://openalex.org/W2011933679","https://openalex.org/W2019890995","https://openalex.org/W2038345682","https://openalex.org/W2054584570","https://openalex.org/W2075144441","https://openalex.org/W2124037649","https://openalex.org/W2126087831","https://openalex.org/W2126924915","https://openalex.org/W2130555261","https://openalex.org/W2130923111","https://openalex.org/W2144232511","https://openalex.org/W2149623556","https://openalex.org/W2165491783","https://openalex.org/W2181397138","https://openalex.org/W2182035090","https://openalex.org/W2182442992","https://openalex.org/W2232825151","https://openalex.org/W2295804537","https://openalex.org/W2318076643","https://openalex.org/W2397661077","https://openalex.org/W2553854225","https://openalex.org/W2611515161","https://openalex.org/W2949202389","https://openalex.org/W2951145614","https://openalex.org/W3031066431","https://openalex.org/W3100217861","https://openalex.org/W3137092842","https://openalex.org/W3137759927","https://openalex.org/W3203855581"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205726392","https://openalex.org/W4251138110","https://openalex.org/W4220849471","https://openalex.org/W2289378658","https://openalex.org/W2093529019","https://openalex.org/W87530933","https://openalex.org/W1531360494","https://openalex.org/W154233216","https://openalex.org/W2026856585","https://openalex.org/W2102905434"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cryptocurrencies,":[0],"such":[1],"as":[2],"Bitcoin":[3],"and":[4],"250":[5],"similar":[6],"alt-coins,":[7],"embody":[8],"at":[9,78,86],"their":[10],"core":[11],"a":[12,16,19,29,35,49],"blockchain":[13,37,63],"protocol":[14,38,52,65],"---":[15],"mechanism":[17],"for":[18],"distributed":[20],"network":[21],"of":[22,31,47,81],"computational":[23],"nodes":[24],"to":[25,54],"periodically":[26],"agree":[27],"on":[28,40],"set":[30],"new":[32],"transactions.":[33],"Designing":[34],"secure":[36],"relies":[39],"an":[41],"open":[42,53],"challenge":[43],"in":[44],"security,":[45,67],"that":[46],"designing":[48],"highly-scalable":[50],"agreement":[51,64],"manipulation":[55],"by":[56],"byzantine":[57],"or":[58],"arbitrarily":[59],"malicious":[60],"nodes.":[61],"Bitcoin's":[62],"exhibits":[66],"but":[68],"does":[69],"not":[70],"scale:":[71],"it":[72],"processes":[73],"3--7":[74],"transactions":[75],"per":[76],"second":[77],"present,":[79],"irrespective":[80],"the":[82],"available":[83],"computation":[84],"capacity":[85],"hand.":[87]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":163},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":178},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":212},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":173},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":182},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":195},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":160},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":79},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
