{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2537031054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2976749.2978374","title":"Covert Channels through Random Number Generator","display_name":"Covert Channels through Random Number Generator","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2537031054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2976749.2978374","mag":"2537031054"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2976749.2978374","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2976749.2978374","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2978374&type=pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2978374&type=pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087128492","display_name":"Dmitry Evtyushkin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0549-0438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123946342","display_name":"Binghamton University","ror":"https://ror.org/008rmbt77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dmitry Evtyushkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066100959","display_name":"Dmitry Ponomarev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5656-2258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123946342","display_name":"Binghamton University","ror":"https://ror.org/008rmbt77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dmitry Ponomarev","raw_affiliation_strings":["SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087128492"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.7125,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97387423,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"843","last_page":"857"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7942009568214417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert-channel","display_name":"Covert channel","score":0.73117595911026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.6306235790252686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.5875793695449829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.586277425289154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5836215019226074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.4700692296028137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.44140350818634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3543497323989868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.19022449851036072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.14854151010513306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14023345708847046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.13769161701202393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10666176676750183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.09836381673812866}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7942009568214417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29024540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476964","display_name":"Covert channel","level":5,"score":0.73117595911026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.6306235790252686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.5875793695449829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.586277425289154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5836215019226074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.4700692296028137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.44140350818634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3543497323989868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.19022449851036072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.14854151010513306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14023345708847046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.13769161701202393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10666176676750183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.09836381673812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103377522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493999","display_name":"Security information and event management","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2976749.2978374","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2976749.2978374","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2978374&type=pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2976749.2978374","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2976749.2978374","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2978374&type=pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7063247374","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1422401","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2537031054.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2537031054.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W64002909","https://openalex.org/W1494212869","https://openalex.org/W1496108277","https://openalex.org/W1531637205","https://openalex.org/W1533145153","https://openalex.org/W1578184507","https://openalex.org/W1802141165","https://openalex.org/W1811605617","https://openalex.org/W1863755804","https://openalex.org/W1934458198","https://openalex.org/W1984222112","https://openalex.org/W1990107181","https://openalex.org/W2011491452","https://openalex.org/W2014182302","https://openalex.org/W2017371166","https://openalex.org/W2024540116","https://openalex.org/W2036329595","https://openalex.org/W2037322308","https://openalex.org/W2046116940","https://openalex.org/W2057949999","https://openalex.org/W2063944160","https://openalex.org/W2092160538","https://openalex.org/W2098543956","https://openalex.org/W2101774955","https://openalex.org/W2104182023","https://openalex.org/W2111160280","https://openalex.org/W2114275288","https://openalex.org/W2124922306","https://openalex.org/W2139416652","https://openalex.org/W2140617629","https://openalex.org/W2150620897","https://openalex.org/W2160701576","https://openalex.org/W2165931858","https://openalex.org/W2167352984","https://openalex.org/W2169461225","https://openalex.org/W2171667830","https://openalex.org/W2299561166","https://openalex.org/W2337480911","https://openalex.org/W2337655500","https://openalex.org/W2342204193","https://openalex.org/W2404948481","https://openalex.org/W2466724905","https://openalex.org/W2498412850","https://openalex.org/W2529582363","https://openalex.org/W2532499458","https://openalex.org/W2564856904","https://openalex.org/W2953223508","https://openalex.org/W2964118667","https://openalex.org/W4240629167","https://openalex.org/W4242926647","https://openalex.org/W4289038676"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2409612194","https://openalex.org/W4224042389","https://openalex.org/W1568579691","https://openalex.org/W20460883","https://openalex.org/W174282171","https://openalex.org/W1587013156","https://openalex.org/W4386075149","https://openalex.org/W4239080508","https://openalex.org/W2326198059","https://openalex.org/W4319780484"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Covert":[0],"channels":[1],"present":[2],"serious":[3],"security":[4],"threat":[5],"because":[6],"they":[7],"allow":[8],"secret":[9],"communication":[10],"between":[11],"two":[12],"malicious":[13],"processes":[14],"even":[15],"if":[16],"the":[17,59,73,76,88,106,115],"system":[18,100],"inhibits":[19],"direct":[20],"communication.":[21],"We":[22,45,71],"describe,":[23],"implement":[24],"and":[25,51,67,82,105,118,126],"quantify":[26,72],"a":[27,48,98],"new":[28],"covert":[29,53],"channel":[30,54,78],"through":[31,58],"shared":[32],"hardware":[33],"random":[34],"number":[35],"generation":[36],"(RNG)":[37],"module":[38,61],"that":[39,47,62,84],"is":[40],"available":[41],"on":[42,97],"modern":[43],"processors.":[44],"demonstrate":[46],"reliable,":[49],"high-capacity":[50],"low-error":[52],"can":[55,93],"be":[56,94],"created":[57],"RNG":[60,77,116],"works":[63],"across":[64,68],"CPU":[65],"cores":[66],"virtual":[69],"machines.":[70],"capacity":[74],"of":[75,90],"under":[79],"different":[80],"settings":[81],"show":[83],"transmission":[85],"rates":[86],"in":[87,113,124],"range":[89],"7-200":[91],"kbit/s":[92],"achieved":[95],"depending":[96],"particular":[99],"used":[101],"for":[102],"transmission,":[103],"assumptions,":[104],"load":[107],"level.":[108],"Finally,":[109],"we":[110],"describe":[111],"challenges":[112],"mitigating":[114],"channel,":[117],"propose":[119],"several":[120],"mitigation":[121],"approaches":[122],"both":[123],"software":[125],"hardware.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}