{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2538613254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2976749.2978349","title":"Lurking Malice in the Cloud","display_name":"Lurking Malice in the Cloud","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2538613254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2976749.2978349","mag":"2538613254"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2976749.2978349","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2976749.2978349","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084889167","display_name":"Xiaojing Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7555-1673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojing Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043755666","display_name":"Sumayah Alrwais","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumayah Alrwais","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076623332","display_name":"Kan Yuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kan Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036446600","display_name":"Luyi Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1036-1163"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luyi Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100333239","display_name":"Xiaofeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3583-369X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"XiaoFeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027549447","display_name":"Shuang Hao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2756-6015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuang Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033073212","display_name":"Raheem Beyah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9188-3464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raheem Beyah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084889167"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3174,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93445858,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1541","last_page":"1552"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.8165956735610962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.7353613376617432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.7244842052459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.659439206123352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.643006443977356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6060711741447449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threat-model","display_name":"Threat model","score":0.42854374647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4197394847869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malice","display_name":"Malice","score":0.4164494276046753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3712083101272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.10641404986381531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.09475201368331909}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.8165956735610962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.7353613376617432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7244842052459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.659439206123352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.643006443977356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6060711741447449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140547941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7797194","display_name":"Threat model","level":2,"score":0.42854374647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4197394847869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778068216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55019500","display_name":"Malice","level":2,"score":0.4164494276046753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3712083101272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.10641404986381531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09475201368331909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2976749.2978349","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2976749.2978349","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1299326818","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1223495","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4527400531","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1223477","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7142134866","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1618493","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726243484","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1527141","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W509898","https://openalex.org/W169466422","https://openalex.org/W1506806321","https://openalex.org/W1663973292","https://openalex.org/W1930512120","https://openalex.org/W1981004461","https://openalex.org/W1984936212","https://openalex.org/W2001759130","https://openalex.org/W2040424958","https://openalex.org/W2048616039","https://openalex.org/W2049092543","https://openalex.org/W2082180526","https://openalex.org/W2084835421","https://openalex.org/W2102475112","https://openalex.org/W2117202485","https://openalex.org/W2119028650","https://openalex.org/W2150620897","https://openalex.org/W2168540913","https://openalex.org/W2182421051","https://openalex.org/W2340605418"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2480358915","https://openalex.org/W2034199088","https://openalex.org/W1551379303","https://openalex.org/W2085319386","https://openalex.org/W2904814116","https://openalex.org/W2157301192","https://openalex.org/W4366150264","https://openalex.org/W2076205949","https://openalex.org/W2181883319","https://openalex.org/W2901933342"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"popularity":[1],"of":[2,54,57,67,107,116,165],"cloud":[3,69,149,189],"hosting":[4,46,50],"services":[5,18,211],"also":[6],"brings":[7],"in":[8,197],"new":[9,225],"security":[10],"challenges:":[11],"it":[12],"has":[13,202],"been":[14,204],"reported":[15],"that":[16,142,201],"these":[17,174],"are":[19],"increasingly":[20],"utilized":[21,137],"by":[22,34,60,85,173],"miscreants":[23],"for":[24],"their":[25,77],"malicious":[26,177,210],"online":[27],"activities.":[28],"Mitigating":[29],"this":[30,89,100,224],"emerging":[31,101],"threat,":[32],"posed":[33],"such":[35,209],"\"bad":[36],"repositories\"":[37],"(simply":[38],"Bar),":[39],"is":[40],"challenging":[41],"due":[42],"to":[43,48,71,126,138,212,217],"the":[44,52,58,63,65,68,80,86,93,120,132,169,185,193,198,213],"different":[45],"strategy":[47],"traditional":[49],"service,":[51],"lack":[53],"direct":[55],"observations":[56],"repositories":[59,75,175,190],"those":[61],"outside":[62],"cloud,":[64],"reluctance":[66],"provider":[70],"scan":[72],"its":[73],"customers'":[74],"without":[76],"consent,":[78],"and":[79,98,154,179,191,215,221],"unique":[81],"evasion":[82],"strategies":[83],"employed":[84],"adversary.":[87],"In":[88],"paper,":[90],"we":[91,112],"took":[92],"first":[94,199],"step":[95],"toward":[96],"understanding":[97,220],"detecting":[99],"threat.":[102,226],"Using":[103],"a":[104,114,140,218],"small":[105],"set":[106,115],"\"seeds\"":[108],"(i.e.,":[109],"confirmed":[110],"Bars),":[111,128],"identified":[113],"collective":[117],"features":[118,135],"from":[119],"websites":[121],"they":[122],"serve":[123],"(e.g.,":[124],"attempts":[125],"hide":[127],"which":[129],"uniquely":[130],"characterize":[131],"Bars.":[133],"These":[134,206],"were":[136],"build":[139],"scanner":[141],"detected":[143],"over":[144],"600":[145],"Bars":[146,196],"on":[147,176],"leading":[148],"platforms":[150],"like":[151,160],"Amazon,":[152],"Google,":[153],"150K":[155],"sites,":[156],"including":[157],"popular":[158],"ones":[159],"groupon.com,":[161],"using":[162],"them.":[163],"Highlights":[164],"our":[166],"study":[167],"include":[168,183],"pivotal":[170],"roles":[171],"played":[172],"infrastructures":[178],"other":[180],"important":[181],"discoveries":[182],"how":[184],"adversary":[186,194],"exploited":[187],"legitimate":[188],"why":[192],"uses":[195],"place":[200],"never":[203],"reported.":[205],"findings":[207],"bring":[208],"spotlight":[214],"contribute":[216],"better":[219],"ultimately":[222],"eliminating":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}