{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2532272970","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2976749.2978345","title":"POPE","display_name":"POPE","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2532272970","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2976749.2978345","mag":"2532272970"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2976749.2978345","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2976749.2978345","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2978345&type=pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2978345&type=pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029873080","display_name":"Daniel S. Roche","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1408-6872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158971","display_name":"United States Naval Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/00znex860","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I189158971","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel S. Roche","raw_affiliation_strings":["United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158971"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080511656","display_name":"Daniel Apon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Apon","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053193677","display_name":"Seung Geol Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9563-9648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158971","display_name":"United States Naval Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/00znex860","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I189158971","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seung Geol Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158971"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084079970","display_name":"Arkady Yerukhimovich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9045-748X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arkady Yerukhimovich","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029873080"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158971"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.2516,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98695596,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1131","last_page":"1142"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7801069021224976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.660347580909729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ideal","display_name":"Ideal (ethics)","score":0.5753666758537292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5486434698104858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.5338571667671204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4758591055870056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.4527937173843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fraction","display_name":"Fraction (chemistry)","score":0.43842029571533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4367269277572632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.42223894596099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.24681833386421204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16283190250396729}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7801069021224976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.660347580909729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776639384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840396","display_name":"Ideal (ethics)","level":2,"score":0.5753666758537292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5486434698104858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.5338571667671204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4758591055870056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.4527937173843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149629883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660926","display_name":"Fraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.43842029571533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4367269277572632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.42223894596099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.24681833386421204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16283190250396729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2976749.2978345","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2976749.2978345","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2978345&type=pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1610.04025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1610.04025","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1610.04025","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2976749.2978345","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2976749.2978345","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2978345&type=pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1060145571","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8721-05-C-0002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1293622376","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N0001415WX01532, N0001415WX01232","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2365043160","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8721-05-C-0002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3582890066","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N0001416WX01645","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5643251411","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"and N00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5763435799","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1618269","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7111527063","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1514261","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7140729688","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8702-15-D-0001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7413848531","display_name":"TWC: Small: Exploring Cryptographic Models and Setup Assumptions","funder_award_id":"1223623","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7425413337","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"-0001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7554435570","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1319994, 1111599, 1223623, 1514261","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G861756508","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N0001416WX01489","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8876996369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2532272970.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2532272970.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W296683941","https://openalex.org/W754106230","https://openalex.org/W1502708590","https://openalex.org/W1529120744","https://openalex.org/W1545698365","https://openalex.org/W1589843374","https://openalex.org/W1603256047","https://openalex.org/W1895952394","https://openalex.org/W1993131747","https://openalex.org/W1993536048","https://openalex.org/W1996453724","https://openalex.org/W1999670653","https://openalex.org/W2005756274","https://openalex.org/W2006453614","https://openalex.org/W2030888439","https://openalex.org/W2031533839","https://openalex.org/W2051576234","https://openalex.org/W2071026487","https://openalex.org/W2074388704","https://openalex.org/W2082357899","https://openalex.org/W2088116875","https://openalex.org/W2088492763","https://openalex.org/W2092071682","https://openalex.org/W2093852772","https://openalex.org/W2132362924","https://openalex.org/W2139829638","https://openalex.org/W2146828512","https://openalex.org/W2147929033","https://openalex.org/W2148373594","https://openalex.org/W2153704625","https://openalex.org/W2154448764","https://openalex.org/W2154496743","https://openalex.org/W2156001253","https://openalex.org/W2159915142","https://openalex.org/W2161214567","https://openalex.org/W2162567660","https://openalex.org/W2163992091","https://openalex.org/W2170993700","https://openalex.org/W2263154529","https://openalex.org/W2294070790","https://openalex.org/W2294724888","https://openalex.org/W2400905995","https://openalex.org/W2624304035","https://openalex.org/W2949844816","https://openalex.org/W3029635585","https://openalex.org/W3215028506","https://openalex.org/W4297822135","https://openalex.org/W4301329292"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2487162673","https://openalex.org/W2793211469","https://openalex.org/W2949152769","https://openalex.org/W4372354731","https://openalex.org/W2807634898","https://openalex.org/W1692008701","https://openalex.org/W2942366970","https://openalex.org/W2597588799","https://openalex.org/W4360593462","https://openalex.org/W2562400057"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently":[0],"there":[1],"has":[2],"been":[3],"much":[4],"interest":[5],"in":[6,34,143,184],"performing":[7],"search":[8,191,254,263],"queries":[9,27,50,170],"over":[10,171],"encrypted":[11,172],"data":[12,173,225],"to":[13,51,78,101,150,168,177,261],"enable":[14],"functionality":[15,192],"while":[16,188],"protecting":[17],"sensitive":[18],"data.":[19],"One":[20],"particularly":[21],"efficient":[22,253],"mechanism":[23],"for":[24,124,237,259,275],"executing":[25],"such":[26],"is":[28,138,147,175],"order-preserving":[29],"encryption/encoding":[30],"(OPE)":[31],"which":[32],"results":[33],"ciphertexts":[35],"that":[36,174,209],"preserve":[37],"the":[38,42,64,80,139,144,224],"relative":[39],"order":[40,205],"of":[41,67,84,120,133,141,223,248],"underlying":[43],"plaintexts":[44],"thus":[45,148],"allowing":[46],"range":[47,153,169],"and":[48,72,193,217,232,252,268],"comparison":[49],"be":[52],"performed":[53],"directly":[54],"on":[55],"ciphertexts.":[56],"Recently,":[57],"Popa":[58],"et":[59,90],"al.":[60,91],"(SP":[61],"2013)":[62],"gave":[63],"first":[65],"construction":[66],"an":[68,165],"ideally-secure":[69],"OPE":[70,108,212],"scheme":[71,155,241,272],"Kerschbaum":[73],"(CCS":[74,92],"2015)":[75,93],"showed":[76],"how":[77],"achieve":[79,151],"even":[81],"stronger":[82,195],"notion":[83],"frequency-hiding":[85],"OPE.":[86],"However,":[87],"as":[88,181],"Naveed":[89],"have":[94],"recently":[95],"demonstrated,":[96],"these":[97],"constructions":[98],"remain":[99],"vulnerable":[100],"several":[102],"attacks.":[103],"Additionally,":[104],"all":[105],"previous":[106],"ideal":[107,211],"schemes":[109],"(with":[110],"or":[111,127],"without":[112],"frequency-hiding)":[113],"either":[114],"require":[115],"a":[116,128,152,200,220,249],"large":[117,129],"round":[118],"complexity":[119],"O(log":[121],"n)":[122],"rounds":[123],"each":[125],"insertion,":[126],"persistent":[130,231],"client":[131,235],"storage":[132,236],"size":[134],"O(n),":[135],"where":[136],"n":[137],"number":[140],"items":[142],"database.":[145],"It":[146],"desirable":[149],"query":[154],"addressing":[156],"both":[157],"issues":[158],"gracefully.":[159],"In":[160],"this":[161],"paper,":[162],"we":[163,198],"propose":[164,199],"alternative":[166],"approach":[167],"optimized":[176],"support":[178],"insert-heavy":[179,277],"workloads":[180],"are":[182],"common":[183],"\"big":[185],"data\"":[186],"applications":[187],"still":[189],"maintaining":[190],"achieving":[194],"security.":[196],"Specifically,":[197],"new":[201],"primitive":[202],"called":[203],"partial":[204],"preserving":[206],"encoding":[207],"(POPE)":[208],"achieves":[210],"security":[213,267],"with":[214,255],"frequency":[215],"hiding":[216],"also":[218],"leaves":[219],"sizable":[221],"fraction":[222],"pairwise":[226],"incomparable.":[227],"Using":[228],"only":[229],"O(1)":[230,256],"O(ne)":[233],"non-persistent":[234],"0<e<1,":[238],"our":[239,271],"POPE":[240],"provides":[242],"extremely":[243],"fast":[244],"batch":[245],"insertion":[246],"consisting":[247],"single":[250],"round,":[251],"amortized":[257],"cost":[258],"up":[260],"O(n(1-e))":[262],"queries.":[264],"This":[265],"improved":[266],"performance":[269],"makes":[270],"better":[273],"suited":[274],"today's":[276],"databases.":[278]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2016-10-28T00:00:00"}