{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2533203140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2976749.2978294","title":"iLock","display_name":"iLock","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2533203140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2976749.2978294","mag":"2533203140"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2976749.2978294","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2976749.2978294","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2978294&type=pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2978294&type=pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100455316","display_name":"Tao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5333-0586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100377726","display_name":"Yimin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7452-2165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yimin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100738628","display_name":"Jingchao Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8360-2282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingchao Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072705616","display_name":"Xiaocong Jin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaocong Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086798123","display_name":"Yanchao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1631-2573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanchao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100455316"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.2146,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96451592,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"933","last_page":"944"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.984000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.8186885118484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7422150373458862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usable","display_name":"USable","score":0.7175320982933044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.6563687920570374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.5916358828544617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.539282500743866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.50311678647995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4946605861186981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microphone","display_name":"Microphone","score":0.4709889590740204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lock","display_name":"Lock (firearm)","score":0.46568527817726135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20249247550964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.19915220141410828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14138245582580566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.12094229459762573}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.8186885118484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7422150373458862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2471869","display_name":"USable","level":2,"score":0.7175320982933044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.6563687920570374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.5916358828544617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.539282500743866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.50311678647995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4946605861186981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778263558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46384","display_name":"Microphone","level":3,"score":0.4709889590740204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174839445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134386","display_name":"Lock (firearm)","level":2,"score":0.46568527817726135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20249247550964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.19915220141410828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14138245582580566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.12094229459762573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68115822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068172","display_name":"Sound pressure","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2976749.2978294","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2976749.2978294","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2978294&type=pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2976749.2978294","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2976749.2978294","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2978294&type=pdf","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1238984339","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1320906","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1956864270","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1421999","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2529349366","display_name":"TWC: Small: Collaborative: Secure and Usable Mobile Authentication for People with Visual Impairment","funder_award_id":"1421999","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6589469484","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1514381","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8601056961","display_name":"NeTS: Medium: Collaborative Research: Secure and Usable Indoor Navigation for Individuals with Visual Impairment","funder_award_id":"1514381","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G876773871","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1320906, CNS-1421999, and CNS-1514381","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8920126554","display_name":"NeTS: Small: Secure Crowdsourcing-Based Cooperative Spectrum Sensing","funder_award_id":"1320906","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2533203140.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2533203140.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1604275567","https://openalex.org/W1666724740","https://openalex.org/W1831911546","https://openalex.org/W1964814818","https://openalex.org/W1977687024","https://openalex.org/W1979834178","https://openalex.org/W2017475793","https://openalex.org/W2055389916","https://openalex.org/W2079024329","https://openalex.org/W2080607723","https://openalex.org/W2095038611","https://openalex.org/W2107661464","https://openalex.org/W2109519180","https://openalex.org/W2113925088","https://openalex.org/W2115973169","https://openalex.org/W2123181676","https://openalex.org/W2142516371","https://openalex.org/W2151854612","https://openalex.org/W2154346544","https://openalex.org/W2163582782","https://openalex.org/W2164675859","https://openalex.org/W2165158100","https://openalex.org/W2394945029","https://openalex.org/W2404603298","https://openalex.org/W2535614671"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2982321410","https://openalex.org/W2392004567","https://openalex.org/W2046296964","https://openalex.org/W143386018","https://openalex.org/W2940029036","https://openalex.org/W4388292429","https://openalex.org/W2756595502","https://openalex.org/W1004582678","https://openalex.org/W2010789764","https://openalex.org/W2146270836"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mobile":[0],"device":[1,14,39,82,99,142],"losses":[2],"and":[3,37,53,59,73,85,112,118,147],"thefts":[4],"are":[5,15,25,122],"skyrocketing.":[6],"The":[7],"sensitive":[8],"data":[9,63,105],"hosted":[10],"on":[11,27,65,109,124,132],"a":[12,38,57,66],"lost/stolen":[13,42,67],"fully":[16],"exposed":[17],"to":[18,103],"the":[19,45,51,76,87,98,141],"adversary.":[20],"Although":[21],"password-based":[22],"authentication":[23],"mechanisms":[24],"available":[26,123],"mobile":[28,68,128],"devices,":[29],"many":[30],"users":[31],"reportedly":[32],"do":[33],"not":[34],"use":[35],"them,":[36],"may":[40],"be":[41],"while":[43],"in":[44,89],"unlocked":[46],"mode.":[47],"This":[48],"paper":[49],"presents":[50],"design":[52],"evaluation":[54],"of":[55],"iLock,":[56],"secure":[58],"usable":[60],"defense":[61],"against":[62],"theft":[64],"device.":[69],"iLock":[70,107,138],"automatically,":[71],"quickly,":[72],"accurately":[74],"recognizes":[75],"user's":[77],"physical":[78,94],"separation":[79,95],"from":[80],"his/her":[81],"by":[83],"detecting":[84],"analyzing":[86],"changes":[88],"wireless":[90],"signals.":[91],"Once":[92],"significant":[93],"is":[96,100],"detected,":[97],"immediately":[101],"locked":[102],"prevent":[104],"theft.":[106],"relies":[108],"acoustic":[110],"signals":[111],"requires":[113],"at":[114],"least":[115],"one":[116,119],"speaker":[117],"microphone":[120],"that":[121,137],"most":[125],"COTS":[126],"(commodity-off-the-shelf)":[127],"devices.":[129],"Extensive":[130],"experiments":[131],"Samsung":[133],"Galaxy":[134],"S5":[135],"show":[136],"can":[139],"lock":[140],"with":[143],"negligible":[144],"false":[145],"positives":[146],"negatives.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2016-10-28T00:00:00"}
