{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2522455971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2975591","title":"Detection of Rogue Certificates from Trusted Certificate Authorities Using Deep Neural Networks","display_name":"Detection of Rogue Certificates from Trusted Certificate Authorities Using Deep Neural Networks","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2522455971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2975591","mag":"2522455971"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2975591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2975591","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2975591&type=pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174050","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","issn_l":"2471-2566","issn":["2471-2566","2471-2574"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2975591&type=pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081385202","display_name":"Dong Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8343-3914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004765940","display_name":"Kevin Kane","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Kane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057479145","display_name":"L. Jean Camp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8731-7884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Jean Camp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081385202"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8336,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95354019,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revocation-list","display_name":"Revocation list","score":0.7852455377578735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.7393195033073425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7156875729560852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certificate-authority","display_name":"Certificate authority","score":0.6870440244674683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certificate","display_name":"Certificate","score":0.5564169883728027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.5069515705108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.4833969175815582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.32759878039360046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.08513587713241577}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147296133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196765","display_name":"Revocation list","level":5,"score":0.7852455377578735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7393195033073425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7156875729560852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93636275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196776","display_name":"Certificate authority","level":4,"score":0.6870440244674683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96865113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2946816","display_name":"Certificate","level":2,"score":0.5564169883728027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5069515705108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.4833969175815582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.32759878039360046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.08513587713241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2975591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2975591","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2975591&type=pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174050","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","issn_l":"2471-2566","issn":["2471-2566","2471-2574"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2975591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2975591","pdf_url":"http://dl.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=2975591&type=pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210174050","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","issn_l":"2471-2566","issn":["2471-2566","2471-2574"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2043895709","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-13-2-0045","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338295","funder_display_name":"Army Research Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3693556586","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2-004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3732666562","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-13","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338295","funder_display_name":"Army Research Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4307486606","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-13-2-0045 (ARL Cyber Security CRA)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338295","funder_display_name":"Army Research Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5259331294","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338295","funder_display_name":"Army Research Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8550707383","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS 1250367; DHS BAA 11-02-TTA 03-0107","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8727049869","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-13","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8763038417","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Cooperative Agreement Number W911NF-13-2-0045","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338295","funder_display_name":"Army Research Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8838306986","display_name":"EAGER: Human-Centered Mitigation of the Insider Threat","funder_award_id":"1250367","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306110","display_name":"U.S. Department of Homeland Security","ror":"https://ror.org/00jyr0d86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309327","display_name":"Google","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338295","display_name":"Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2522455971.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2522455971.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W87917243","https://openalex.org/W199125295","https://openalex.org/W380289026","https://openalex.org/W1600255172","https://openalex.org/W1766594731","https://openalex.org/W1775772884","https://openalex.org/W1877810236","https://openalex.org/W1882350379","https://openalex.org/W1976919795","https://openalex.org/W1985987493","https://openalex.org/W1990188874","https://openalex.org/W2008155663","https://openalex.org/W2013433855","https://openalex.org/W2021949962","https://openalex.org/W2025047573","https://openalex.org/W2035055162","https://openalex.org/W2044351514","https://openalex.org/W2050119028","https://openalex.org/W2053774863","https://openalex.org/W2056494114","https://openalex.org/W2059201166","https://openalex.org/W2072128103","https://openalex.org/W2080691483","https://openalex.org/W2085952809","https://openalex.org/W2095577883","https://openalex.org/W2104899073","https://openalex.org/W2106393550","https://openalex.org/W2110660649","https://openalex.org/W2111397260","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2121990650","https://openalex.org/W2136680211","https://openalex.org/W2138644293","https://openalex.org/W2138857742","https://openalex.org/W2146082061","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2148614760","https://openalex.org/W2150442700","https://openalex.org/W2161020477","https://openalex.org/W2161954933","https://openalex.org/W2183346775","https://openalex.org/W2295731716","https://openalex.org/W2578229886","https://openalex.org/W2606321545","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2997183031","https://openalex.org/W3028642772","https://openalex.org/W4231109964","https://openalex.org/W4233819588","https://openalex.org/W4299317891"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2160682843","https://openalex.org/W1532067216","https://openalex.org/W1494030766","https://openalex.org/W1612032142","https://openalex.org/W2897779435","https://openalex.org/W2170764533","https://openalex.org/W1506124145","https://openalex.org/W151108224","https://openalex.org/W4313128548","https://openalex.org/W2994213367"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rogue":[0,48],"certificates":[1,4,49,91],"are":[2,13],"valid":[3],"issued":[5,42],"by":[6,18,108],"a":[7,31,38,86,97,128],"legitimate":[8],"certificate":[9,40],"authority":[10],"(CA)":[11],"that":[12,131,157],"nonetheless":[14],"untrustworthy;":[15],"yet":[16],"trusted":[17,55,93],"web":[19],"browsers":[20],"and":[21,43,63,99,137,155],"users.":[22],"With":[23],"the":[24,36,76,118,124,139,144,149,152,170],"current":[25,175],"public":[26],"key":[27],"infrastructure,":[28,77],"there":[29],"exists":[30],"window":[32,70],"of":[33,71,102,120,143,151],"vulnerability":[34,72],"between":[35],"time":[37],"rogue":[39,90,121],"is":[41,46,132,159],"when":[44],"it":[45,158],"detected.":[47],"from":[50,92,96,166],"recent":[51],"compromises":[52],"have":[53],"been":[54],"for":[56,88],"as":[57,59,162],"long":[58],"weeks":[60],"before":[61],"detection":[62],"revocation.":[64],"Previous":[65],"proposals":[66],"to":[67],"close":[68],"this":[69],"require":[73],"changes":[74],"in":[75,123,135,138],"Internet":[78],"protocols,":[79],"or":[80],"end":[81],"user":[82],"experience.":[83],"We":[84,147,168],"present":[85],"method":[87,105,130,154],"detecting":[89],"CAs":[94],"developed":[95],"large":[98],"timely":[100],"collection":[101],"certificates.":[103],"This":[104],"automates":[106],"classification":[107,129,153,171],"building":[109],"machine-learning":[110],"models":[111],"with":[112,163],"Deep":[113],"Neural":[114],"Networks":[115],"(DNN).":[116],"Despite":[117],"scarcity":[119],"instances":[122],"dataset,":[125],"DNN":[126],"produced":[127],"proven":[133],"both":[134],"simulation":[136],"July":[140],"2014":[141],"compromise":[142],"India":[145],"CCA.":[146],"report":[148],"details":[150],"illustrate":[156],"repeatable,":[160],"such":[161],"datasets":[164],"obtained":[165],"crawling.":[167],"describe":[169],"performance":[172],"under":[173],"our":[174],"research":[176],"deployment.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}