{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2517724752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971746","title":"Predicting room occupancy with a single passive infrared (PIR) sensor through behavior extraction","display_name":"Predicting room occupancy with a single passive infrared (PIR) sensor through behavior extraction","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2517724752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971746","mag":"2517724752"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2971648.2971746","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971746","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://publications.aston.ac.uk/id/eprint/29352/1/Predicting_room_occupancy_with_a_PIR_sensor_through_behavior_extraction.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082067640","display_name":"Yordan P. Raykov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0753-717X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","display_name":"Aston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05j0ve876","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yordan P. Raykov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aston University, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aston University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060902414","display_name":"Emre \u00d6zer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8285-1551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801109035","display_name":"ARM (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mmhzs81","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801109035"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emre Ozer","raw_affiliation_strings":["ARM Holdings, Cambridge, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ARM Holdings, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801109035"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004292742","display_name":"Ganesh Dasika","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156213","display_name":"American Rock Mechanics Association","ror":"https://ror.org/05vfrxy92","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156213"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ganesh Dasika","raw_affiliation_strings":["ARM Holdings"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ARM Holdings","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020971679","display_name":"Alexis Boukouvalas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3306-3692"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexis Boukouvalas","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Manchester, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018028924","display_name":"Max A. Little","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1507-3822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","display_name":"Aston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05j0ve876","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Max A. Little","raw_affiliation_strings":["NCRG, Aston University, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NCRG, Aston University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082067640"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.3685,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":120,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98572734,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1016","last_page":"1027"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.972100019454956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupancy","display_name":"Occupancy","score":0.8896195292472839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6539269685745239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-sensors","display_name":"Motion sensors","score":0.5987127423286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5886977314949036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5005936622619629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonparametric-statistics","display_name":"Nonparametric statistics","score":0.44443172216415405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.4425172209739685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43127211928367615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.43047767877578735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20794180035591125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11927512288093567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08125355839729309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07681122422218323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.06612405180931091}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160331591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075743","display_name":"Occupancy","level":2,"score":0.8896195292472839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6539269685745239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986565385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852453","display_name":"Motion sensors","level":2,"score":0.5987127423286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5886977314949036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5005936622619629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102366305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1097688","display_name":"Nonparametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.44443172216415405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4425172209739685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43127211928367615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.43047767877578735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20794180035591125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11927512288093567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08125355839729309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07681122422218323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.06612405180931091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2971648.2971746","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971746","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.aston.ac.uk:29352","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.aston.ac.uk/view/author/859d88a7b2bfa543c59aba61605a5cf0.html>,","pdf_url":"https://publications.aston.ac.uk/id/eprint/29352/1/Predicting_room_occupancy_with_a_PIR_sensor_through_behavior_extraction.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400483","display_name":"Aston Publications Explorer (Aston University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","host_organization_name":"Aston University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"NonPeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/2c4f034a-3149-4117-83eb-df94651c748d","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/2c4f034a-3149-4117-83eb-df94651c748d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Raykov, Y P, Ozer, E, Dasika, G, Boukouvalas, A & Little, M A 2016, Predicting room occupancy with a single Passive infrared (PIR) sensor through behavior extraction. in UbiComp 2016 - Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing. UbiComp 2016 - Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing, Association for Computing Machinery, New York, pp. 1016-1027, 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing, UbiComp 2016, Heidelberg, Germany, 12/09/16. https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971746","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.aston.ac.uk:29352","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.aston.ac.uk/view/author/859d88a7b2bfa543c59aba61605a5cf0.html>,","pdf_url":"https://publications.aston.ac.uk/id/eprint/29352/1/Predicting_room_occupancy_with_a_PIR_sensor_through_behavior_extraction.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400483","display_name":"Aston Publications Explorer (Aston University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","host_organization_name":"Aston University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"NonPeerReviewed"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2517724752.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2517724752.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531249942","https://openalex.org/W1618888095","https://openalex.org/W1673574692","https://openalex.org/W1972440681","https://openalex.org/W1973747781","https://openalex.org/W1986011019","https://openalex.org/W1996990882","https://openalex.org/W2016965338","https://openalex.org/W2032488278","https://openalex.org/W2035313284","https://openalex.org/W2051596736","https://openalex.org/W2051670405","https://openalex.org/W2066129764","https://openalex.org/W2076266873","https://openalex.org/W2088929512","https://openalex.org/W2113795582","https://openalex.org/W2120985204","https://openalex.org/W2132869795","https://openalex.org/W2134073393","https://openalex.org/W2136098873","https://openalex.org/W2136369753","https://openalex.org/W2137226992","https://openalex.org/W2145983039","https://openalex.org/W2148924470","https://openalex.org/W2158190429","https://openalex.org/W2158266063","https://openalex.org/W2163991508","https://openalex.org/W2169895393","https://openalex.org/W2170939901","https://openalex.org/W2252083640","https://openalex.org/W2399956256","https://openalex.org/W2588283961","https://openalex.org/W2596585349","https://openalex.org/W2999905431","https://openalex.org/W3147444766","https://openalex.org/W6681368121"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4282043467","https://openalex.org/W2105697914","https://openalex.org/W3093197249","https://openalex.org/W1540010871","https://openalex.org/W3023979140","https://openalex.org/W2016713803","https://openalex.org/W2898819227","https://openalex.org/W2477573249","https://openalex.org/W2565599260","https://openalex.org/W934862531"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Passive":[0],"infrared":[1],"sensors":[2,23],"have":[3,24],"widespread":[4],"use":[5,87],"in":[6],"many":[7],"applications,":[8],"including":[9],"motion":[10,90],"detectors":[11],"for":[12,51],"alarms,":[13],"lighting":[14],"systems":[15],"and":[16,85],"hand":[17],"dryers.":[18],"Combinations":[19],"of":[20,32,44,55,88,113,138],"multiple":[21],"PIR":[22,46,77],"also":[25],"been":[26],"used":[27],"to":[28,83,108],"count":[29],"the":[30,42,45,72,89,96],"number":[31],"humans":[33],"passing":[34],"through":[35],"doorways.":[36],"In":[37],"this":[38],"paper,":[39],"we":[40],"demonstrate":[41],"potential":[43],"sensor":[47],"as":[48],"a":[49,56,75],"tool":[50],"occupancy":[52,73,115],"estimation":[53],"inside":[54],"monitored":[57,97],"environment.":[58,98],"Our":[59],"approach":[60,80],"shows":[61],"how":[62],"flexible":[63],"nonparametric":[64],"machine":[65],"learning":[66],"algorithms":[67],"extract":[68],"useful":[69],"information":[70,104],"about":[71,105],"from":[74,130],"single":[76],"sensor.":[78],"The":[79,99,123],"allows":[81],"us":[82],"understand":[84],"make":[86],"patterns":[91,107],"generated":[92],"by":[93],"people":[94],"within":[95],"proposed":[100],"counting":[101],"system":[102,124],"uses":[103],"those":[106],"provide":[109],"an":[110],"accurate":[111],"estimate":[112],"room":[114,142],"which":[116],"can":[117],"be":[118],"updated":[119],"every":[120],"30":[121],"seconds.":[122],"was":[125],"successfully":[126],"tested":[127],"on":[128],"data":[129],"more":[131],"than":[132],"50":[133],"real":[134],"office":[135],"meetings":[136],"consisting":[137],"at":[139],"most":[140],"14":[141],"occupants.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}