{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2511316824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971707","title":"Differentiating smartphone users by app usage","display_name":"Differentiating smartphone users by app usage","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2511316824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971707","mag":"2511316824"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2971648.2971707","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971707","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029704466","display_name":"Pascal Welke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2123-3781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pascal Welke","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bonn"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bonn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083097230","display_name":"Ionut Andone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3605-8836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ionut Andone","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bonn"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bonn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052580029","display_name":"Konrad B\u0142aszkiewicz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135140700","display_name":"University of Bonn","ror":"https://ror.org/041nas322","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konrad Blaszkiewicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bonn"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bonn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135140700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102298581","display_name":"Alexander Markowetz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2621-722X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Markowetz","raw_affiliation_strings":[""],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6505,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95193878,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"519","last_page":"523"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7686405777931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5594677329063416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5301744937896729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smartphone-app","display_name":"Smartphone app","score":0.5111792683601379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting","display_name":"Limiting","score":0.5091342329978943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5075546503067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4861152172088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.4581931531429291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-apps","display_name":"Mobile apps","score":0.4508570730686188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usage-data","display_name":"Usage data","score":0.4432255029678345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.41392752528190613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.32094746828079224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11216169595718384}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7686405777931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5594677329063416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5301744937896729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017619522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620615","display_name":"Smartphone app","level":2,"score":0.5111792683601379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.5091342329978943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5075546503067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4861152172088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.4581931531429291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988145974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620615","display_name":"Mobile apps","level":2,"score":0.4508570730686188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781353284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7901676","display_name":"Usage data","level":2,"score":0.4432255029678345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.41392752528190613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.32094746828079224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11216169595718384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2971648.2971707","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971707","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:228783","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525967479","https://openalex.org/W1587084186","https://openalex.org/W2045726900","https://openalex.org/W2055600235","https://openalex.org/W2067481044","https://openalex.org/W2073601450","https://openalex.org/W2075743842","https://openalex.org/W2099913530","https://openalex.org/W2520692763"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2646326259","https://openalex.org/W4385412223","https://openalex.org/W3215285592","https://openalex.org/W2413218663","https://openalex.org/W184881239","https://openalex.org/W2061604051","https://openalex.org/W197438817","https://openalex.org/W4253099541","https://openalex.org/W4295008965","https://openalex.org/W2743166790"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tracking":[0],"users":[1,25,38,62,141,162],"across":[2],"websites":[3],"and":[4],"apps":[5,97],"is":[6,15,58,121],"as":[7,13],"desirable":[8],"to":[9,17,36,48,60,91,116,155],"the":[10,27,77,84,92,111,117,132,147],"marketing":[11],"industry":[12],"it":[14,57],"unalluring":[16],"users.":[18,105],"The":[19],"central":[20],"challenge":[21],"lies":[22],"in":[23,51,99,131],"identifying":[24],"from":[26,83],"perspective":[28],"of":[29,42,66,80,104,134,139,167],"different":[30],"apps/sites.":[31],"While":[32],"there":[33],"are":[34,46],"methods":[35],"identify":[37],"via":[39,63],"technical":[40,168],"settings":[41],"their":[43,64,69],"phones,":[44],"these":[45],"prone":[47],"countermeasures.":[49],"Yet,":[50],"this":[52,73,109,158],"paper,":[53],"we":[54,75],"show":[55],"that":[56],"possible":[59],"differentiate":[61],"set":[65],"used":[67,151],"apps,":[68],"app":[70,78],"signature.":[71],"To":[72],"end,":[74],"investigate":[76],"usage":[79,144],"46726":[81],"participants":[82],"Menthal":[85],"project.":[86],"Even":[87],"limiting":[88],"our":[89],"observation":[90],"500":[93],"globally":[94,150],"most":[95],"frequent":[96],"results":[98],"unique":[100,143],"signatures":[101],"for":[102],"99.67%":[103],"Furthermore,":[106],"even":[107],"under":[108],"restriction,":[110],"average":[112],"minimum":[113],"Hamming":[114],"distance":[115],"closest":[118],"other":[119],"user":[120],"25.93.":[122],"Avoiding":[123],"identification":[124],"would":[125],"thus":[126,171],"require":[127],"a":[128,135],"massive":[129],"change":[130],"behavior":[133,165],"user.":[136],"Indeed,":[137],"99.4%":[138],"all":[140],"have":[142],"patterns":[145],"among":[146],"top":[148],"60":[149],"apps.":[152],"In":[153],"contrast":[154],"previous":[156],"work,":[157],"paper":[159],"differentiates":[160],"between":[161],"based":[163],"on":[164],"instead":[166],"parameters.":[169],"It":[170],"opens":[172],"an":[173],"entirely":[174],"new":[175],"discussion":[176],"regarding":[177],"privacy.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}