{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2510391460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971699","title":"Device-free detection of approach and departure behaviors using backscatter communication","display_name":"Device-free detection of approach and departure behaviors using backscatter communication","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2510391460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971699","mag":"2510391460"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2971648.2971699","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971699","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055427830","display_name":"Han Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5274-7988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Han Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100737734","display_name":"Chen Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6882-9590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Santa Cruz"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Santa Cruz","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023885705","display_name":"Jinsong Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5064-1955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinsong Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong University and Carnegie Mellon University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong University and Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476","https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400459","display_name":"Ge Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3845-1646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ge Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010604991","display_name":"Zhiping Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-870X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiping Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101471775","display_name":"Jizhong Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6520-8238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jizhong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050052141","display_name":"Wei Xi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9348-2982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Xi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055427830"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3889,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89590882,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"167","last_page":"177"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10986","display_name":"RFID technology advancements","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-software-radio-peripheral","display_name":"Universal Software Radio Peripheral","score":0.8534903526306152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7271357774734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscatter","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","score":0.6829380989074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5718168020248413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5692971348762512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4962347149848938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.4867591857910156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3503701686859131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.32592859864234924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2516240179538727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18848451972007751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.11136248707771301}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192220659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1245659","display_name":"Universal Software Radio Peripheral","level":3,"score":0.8534903526306152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7271357774734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.6829380989074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5718168020248413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5692971348762512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4962347149848938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.4867591857910156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3503701686859131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.32592859864234924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2516240179538727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18848451972007751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.11136248707771301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2971648.2971699","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2971648.2971699","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W61885107","https://openalex.org/W1533585985","https://openalex.org/W1549287041","https://openalex.org/W1615828794","https://openalex.org/W1965338234","https://openalex.org/W1985158854","https://openalex.org/W1990707145","https://openalex.org/W2002640258","https://openalex.org/W2006966072","https://openalex.org/W2010882865","https://openalex.org/W2019642002","https://openalex.org/W2052476756","https://openalex.org/W2072913464","https://openalex.org/W2080915355","https://openalex.org/W2099094909","https://openalex.org/W2102159398","https://openalex.org/W2109519180","https://openalex.org/W2110745482","https://openalex.org/W2115612038","https://openalex.org/W2129045955","https://openalex.org/W2136785841","https://openalex.org/W2141336889","https://openalex.org/W2141749533","https://openalex.org/W2345113501"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2354005007","https://openalex.org/W2885293340","https://openalex.org/W4240981602","https://openalex.org/W3114506410","https://openalex.org/W3112393028","https://openalex.org/W12663189","https://openalex.org/W2163533140","https://openalex.org/W3213067907","https://openalex.org/W2614434684","https://openalex.org/W2562699669"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smart":[0],"environments":[1],"and":[2,96,115,130,134,146,152],"security":[3],"systems":[4,23],"require":[5,25,65],"automatic":[6],"detection":[7,22,165],"of":[8,79,85],"human":[9,20,26,66,80],"behaviors":[10],"including":[11],"approaching":[12],"to":[13,28,45,68,82],"or":[14],"departing":[15],"from":[16,54],"an":[17,104],"object.":[18,61],"Existing":[19],"motion":[21],"usually":[24],"beings":[27,67],"carry":[29,69],"special":[30],"devices,":[31],"which":[32],"limits":[33],"their":[34,120],"applications.":[35],"In":[36,102],"this":[37],"paper,":[38],"we":[39],"present":[40],"a":[41,55],"system":[42,142],"called":[43],"APID":[44,62,89,103,141,161],"detect":[46],"arm":[47],"reaching":[48],"by":[49],"analyzing":[50],"backscatter":[51],"communication":[52,128],"signals":[53,114,129],"passive":[56],"RFID":[57,106],"tag":[58,87],"on":[59,76],"the":[60,77,83,97,127,132,140],"does":[63],"not":[64],"any":[70],"device.":[71],"The":[72,156],"idea":[73],"is":[74,90],"based":[75],"influence":[78],"movements":[81],"vibration":[84],"backscattered":[86],"signals.":[88],"compatible":[91],"with":[92,119],"commodity":[93],"off-the-shelf":[94],"devices":[95],"EPCglobal":[98],"Class-1":[99],"Generation-2":[100],"protocol.":[101],"commercial":[105],"reader":[107],"continuously":[108],"queries":[109],"tags":[110,116],"through":[111],"emitting":[112],"RF":[113],"simply":[117],"respond":[118],"IDs.":[121],"A":[122],"USRP":[123],"monitor":[124],"passively":[125],"analyzes":[126],"reports":[131],"approach":[133],"departure":[135],"behaviors.":[136],"We":[137],"have":[138],"implemented":[139],"for":[143],"both":[144,150],"single-object":[145],"multi-object":[147],"scenarios":[148],"in":[149],"horizontal":[151],"vertical":[153],"deployment":[154],"modes.":[155],"experimental":[157],"results":[158],"show":[159],"that":[160],"can":[162],"achieve":[163],"high":[164],"accuracy.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}