{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2522283338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2970930.2970935","title":"The Complex Relationship Between Empathy, Engagement and Boredom","display_name":"The Complex Relationship Between Empathy, Engagement and Boredom","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2522283338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2970930.2970935","mag":"2522283338"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2970930.2970935","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2970930.2970935","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/The_complex_relationship_between_empathy_engagement_and_boredom/23441891","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043507909","display_name":"Harry J. Witchel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8404-3494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100063501","display_name":"Brighton and Sussex Medical School","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz7fr76","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100063501","https://openalex.org/I162608824","https://openalex.org/I71637028"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Harry J. Witchel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100063501"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034992557","display_name":"Carlos Pereira Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7283-6403"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100063501","display_name":"Brighton and Sussex Medical School","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz7fr76","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100063501","https://openalex.org/I162608824","https://openalex.org/I71637028"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos P. Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brighton & Sussex Medical School"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brighton & Sussex Medical School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100063501"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063550436","display_name":"James K. Ackah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100063501","display_name":"Brighton and Sussex Medical School","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz7fr76","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100063501","https://openalex.org/I162608824","https://openalex.org/I71637028"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James K. Ackah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brighton & Sussex Medical School"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brighton & Sussex Medical School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100063501"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047664376","display_name":"Julian Tee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100063501","display_name":"Brighton and Sussex Medical School","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz7fr76","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100063501","https://openalex.org/I162608824","https://openalex.org/I71637028"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Tee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brighton & Sussex Medical School"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brighton & Sussex Medical School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100063501"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030562738","display_name":"Nachiappan Chockalingam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7072-1271"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198012923","display_name":"University of Staffordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/00d6k8y35","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nachiappan Chockalingam","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSHER Staffordshire University, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSHER Staffordshire University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065122345","display_name":"Carina E. I. Westling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6549-0974"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162608824","display_name":"University of Sussex","ror":"https://ror.org/00ayhx656","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carina E.I. Westling","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Media Film & Music, University of Sussex, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Media Film & Music, University of Sussex, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043507909"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100063501"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5008,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67071349,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13219","display_name":"Mind wandering and attention","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13219","display_name":"Mind wandering and attention","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10355","display_name":"Impact of Technology on Adolescents","score":0.95660001039505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12214","display_name":"Media Influence and Health","score":0.9564999938011169,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empathy","display_name":"Empathy","score":0.9571821689605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boredom","display_name":"Boredom","score":0.9312514066696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converse","display_name":"Converse","score":0.5977757573127747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5952402949333191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.42407307028770447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.41205552220344543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.3512943387031555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.07996243238449097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07208997011184692}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182263","display_name":"Empathy","level":2,"score":0.9571821689605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777589236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34255","display_name":"Boredom","level":2,"score":0.9312514066696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776809875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1375963","display_name":"Converse","level":2,"score":0.5977757573127747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5952402949333191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.42407307028770447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.41205552220344543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3512943387031555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.07996243238449097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07208997011184692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2970930.2970935","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2970930.2970935","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.staffs.ac.uk:2668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401113","display_name":"Staffordshire Online Repository (Staffordshire University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I198012923","host_organization_name":"University of Staffordshire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/23441891","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/The_complex_relationship_between_empathy_engagement_and_boredom/23441891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:sro.sussex.ac.uk:66926","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/66926/1/Witchel_ECCE_2016_complex_empathy_vs_engagement_14june2016.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400129","display_name":"Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I162608824","host_organization_name":"University of Sussex","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Proceedings"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/23441891","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/The_complex_relationship_between_empathy_engagement_and_boredom/23441891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4531208439","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"105298/Z/14/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307874","funder_display_name":"Wellcome"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307874","display_name":"Wellcome","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25487857","https://openalex.org/W1838859224","https://openalex.org/W2002302568","https://openalex.org/W2019922470","https://openalex.org/W2022549154","https://openalex.org/W2031854900","https://openalex.org/W2031877904","https://openalex.org/W2080855913","https://openalex.org/W2082641594","https://openalex.org/W2087511931","https://openalex.org/W2096438128","https://openalex.org/W2128263922","https://openalex.org/W2137099741","https://openalex.org/W2147093380","https://openalex.org/W2276164962","https://openalex.org/W2282302962"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W318616257","https://openalex.org/W3118254946","https://openalex.org/W2917043877","https://openalex.org/W3026775601","https://openalex.org/W2035863303","https://openalex.org/W3121061808","https://openalex.org/W2139976611","https://openalex.org/W4386479718","https://openalex.org/W4206918453","https://openalex.org/W4234657158"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,38],"human":[1],"computer":[2],"interactions":[3,49],"---":[4,7],"especially":[5],"gaming":[6],"the":[8,98,126],"role":[9],"of":[10,22,30,47,54,118,150],"empathy":[11,87,107,138,142],"has":[12],"been":[13,36],"mooted":[14],"as":[15],"a":[16,43,51,144,155],"necessary":[17,156],"prerequisite":[18],"for":[19,77,90],"higher":[20],"levels":[21,117],"engagement":[23,92,153],"and":[24,81,108,139],"immersion.":[25],"More":[26],"recently":[27],"other":[28],"forms":[29],"engagement,":[31,34,82,151],"including":[32],"intellectual/cognitive":[33],"have":[35],"proposed.":[37],"this":[39],"study":[40],"we":[41,83],"present":[42],"carefully":[44],"controlled":[45],"dataset":[46],"human-computer":[48],"with":[50,112],"wide":[52],"range":[53],"stimuli":[55],"that":[56,85,106,130],"ranged":[57],"from":[58],"highly":[59],"engaging":[60],"to":[61,63,72,125,158],"boring":[62],"test":[64],"these":[65],"two":[66],"theories.":[67],"Analyzing":[68],"844":[69],"response":[70],"sets":[71],"visual":[73],"analogue":[74],"scales":[75],"(VAS)":[76],"empathy,":[78],"interest,":[79],"boredom,":[80],"found":[84,105],"high":[86,91,159],"was":[88,100],"sufficient":[89,145],"but":[93,115],"is":[94,132,143,154],"not":[95,101,147],"necessary,":[96],"whilst":[97],"converse":[99],"true.":[102],"We":[103,128],"also":[104],"boredom":[109],"were":[110,120],"incompatible":[111],"each":[113],"other,":[114],"low":[116],"either":[119,141],"permissive":[121],"rather":[122],"than":[123],"causal":[124],"other.":[127],"conclude":[129],"there":[131],"no":[133],"monotonic":[134],"relationship":[135],"between":[136],"increasing":[137],"engagement;":[140],"(but":[146],"necessary)":[148],"cause":[149],"or":[152],"precursor":[157],"empathy.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}