{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2508020518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2970276.2970353","title":"An empirical study on dependence clusters for effort-aware fault-proneness prediction","display_name":"An empirical study on dependence clusters for effort-aware fault-proneness prediction","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2508020518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2970276.2970353","mag":"2508020518"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2970276.2970353","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2970276.2970353","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037791183","display_name":"Yibiao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1153-2013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yibiao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000019783","display_name":"Mark Harman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5864-4488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Harman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056241360","display_name":"Jens Krinke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1009-2861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jens Krinke","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034900636","display_name":"Syed Mohammed Shamsul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3200-2903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157227730","display_name":"University of East London","ror":"https://ror.org/057jrqr44","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157227730"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of East London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of East London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157227730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008760456","display_name":"David Binkley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0059-4024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165556055","display_name":"Loyola University Maryland","ror":"https://ror.org/01by1wp65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165556055"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Binkley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Loyola University Maryland, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Loyola University Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165556055"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031391841","display_name":"Yuming Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuming Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331400","display_name":"Baowen Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7743-1296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baowen Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037791183"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.6669,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97854077,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"296","last_page":"307"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.6554111838340759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","score":0.6238724589347839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.5705801844596863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5458576679229736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5123897194862366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5040789842605591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.49427294731140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4605168104171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.45474857091903687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4080662131309509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.28250133991241455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2269464135169983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.19336074590682983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1611320674419403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.09480160474777222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.06756564974784851}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6554111838340759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.6238724589347839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.5705801844596863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5458576679229736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5123897194862366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5040789842605591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.49427294731140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4605168104171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.45474857091903687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4080662131309509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28250133991241455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2269464135169983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.19336074590682983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1611320674419403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09480160474777222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.06756564974784851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2970276.2970353","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2970276.2970353","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:roar.uel.ac.uk:5726","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400937","display_name":"ROAR (University of East London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I157227730","host_organization_name":"University of East London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157227730"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Book Section"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:1507973","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1507973/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"     In: Lo, D and Apel, S and Khurshid, S, (eds.) ASE 2016: Proceedings of the 31st IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering.  (pp. pp. 296-307).  IEEE &amp; ACM: Singapore. (2016)     ","raw_type":"Proceedings paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2670755718","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20130014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3683891769","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61432001, 91418202, 61272082, 61300051, 61321491, 61472178, and 91318301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W90244446","https://openalex.org/W950821216","https://openalex.org/W1611601820","https://openalex.org/W1677598599","https://openalex.org/W1975040830","https://openalex.org/W1985797722","https://openalex.org/W1988510359","https://openalex.org/W2007705030","https://openalex.org/W2015729052","https://openalex.org/W2025952053","https://openalex.org/W2033418259","https://openalex.org/W2037106942","https://openalex.org/W2042418169","https://openalex.org/W2046499993","https://openalex.org/W2061901927","https://openalex.org/W2061972420","https://openalex.org/W2074218040","https://openalex.org/W2083971713","https://openalex.org/W2100945416","https://openalex.org/W2102314894","https://openalex.org/W2110065044","https://openalex.org/W2117261746","https://openalex.org/W2119403673","https://openalex.org/W2121866145","https://openalex.org/W2122475259","https://openalex.org/W2123722398","https://openalex.org/W2127005966","https://openalex.org/W2135198476","https://openalex.org/W2139855137","https://openalex.org/W2141051748","https://openalex.org/W2141229427","https://openalex.org/W2142481192","https://openalex.org/W2143637886","https://openalex.org/W2145913198","https://openalex.org/W2149014999","https://openalex.org/W2158196600","https://openalex.org/W2160538621","https://openalex.org/W2160958420","https://openalex.org/W2161482408","https://openalex.org/W2164403426","https://openalex.org/W2167514255","https://openalex.org/W2495580237","https://openalex.org/W3014398013","https://openalex.org/W4242080301","https://openalex.org/W4248521920","https://openalex.org/W4293857795","https://openalex.org/W7024125344"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2188500270","https://openalex.org/W2303858293","https://openalex.org/W2915512527","https://openalex.org/W51364034","https://openalex.org/W2798997222","https://openalex.org/W2798198862","https://openalex.org/W2793336762","https://openalex.org/W2091548507","https://openalex.org/W2368816706","https://openalex.org/W3159414774"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"dependence":[1,17,29,59,82,99,111,121,145,168,182,194,199,236],"cluster":[2],"is":[3,101,184],"a":[4,68,124,150],"set":[5],"of":[6,95,107,138,178,190,219],"mutually":[7],"inter-dependent":[8],"program":[9],"elements.":[10],"Prior":[11],"studies":[12],"have":[13,31],"found":[14],"that":[15,28,165,201],"large":[16],"clusters":[18,30,60,83,100,122,169,183,200,237],"are":[19,130,206],"prevalent":[20],"in":[21,52,223],"software":[22,36,62,239],"systems.":[23],"It":[24],"has":[25,42],"been":[26,43],"suggested":[27],"potentially":[32],"harmful":[33],"effects":[34],"on":[35,70,135,159],"quality.":[37,240],"However,":[38],"little":[39],"empirical":[40],"evidence":[41],"provided":[44],"to":[45,85,171],"support":[46],"this":[47,53],"claim.":[48],"The":[49,74],"study":[50],"presented":[51],"paper":[54],"investigates":[55,91],"the":[56,65,93,105,147,176,188,217],"relationship":[57],"between":[58],"and":[61,143,226],"quality":[63],"at":[64],"function-level":[66],"with":[67],"focus":[69],"effort-aware":[71,220],"fault-proneness":[72,152,221],"prediction.":[73],"investigation":[75,148],"first":[76],"analyzes":[77],"whether":[78,92,116],"or":[79,117],"not":[80,118],"larger":[81,167,186],"tend":[84,170],"be":[86,172],"more":[87,125,131,173,203,207],"fault-prone.":[88,132],"Second,":[89],"it":[90,114],"proportion":[94,106,177,189],"faulty":[96,108,179,191],"functions":[97,109,119,139,141,180,192,197],"inside":[98,120,142,181,198],"significantly":[102,185,215],"different":[103],"from":[104],"outside":[110,144,193],"clusters.":[112],"Third,":[113],"examines":[115],"playing":[123],"important":[126,204],"role":[127],"than":[128,187],"others":[129],"Finally,":[133],"based":[134,158],"two":[136],"groups":[137],"(i.e.,":[140],"clusters),":[146],"considers":[149],"segmented":[151,211],"prediction":[153,212,222],"model.":[154],"Our":[155],"experimental":[156],"results,":[157],"five":[160],"well-known":[161],"open-source":[162],"systems,":[163],"show":[164],"(1)":[166],"fault-prone;":[174,208],"(2)":[175],"clusters;":[195],"(3)":[196],"play":[202],"roles":[205],"(4)":[209],"our":[210],"model":[213],"can":[214],"improve":[216],"effectiveness":[218],"both":[224],"ranking":[225],"classification":[227],"scenarios.":[228],"These":[229],"findings":[230],"help":[231],"us":[232],"better":[233],"understand":[234],"how":[235],"influence":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
