{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2511947018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2970276.2970343","title":"SOFIA: an automated security oracle for black-box testing of SQL-injection vulnerabilities","display_name":"SOFIA: an automated security oracle for black-box testing of SQL-injection vulnerabilities","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2511947018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2970276.2970343","mag":"2511947018"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2970276.2970343","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2970276.2970343","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019508589","display_name":"Mariano Ceccato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7325-0316"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mariano Ceccato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100804503","display_name":"Cu Nguyen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cu D. Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061563430","display_name":"Dennis Appelt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis Appelt","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078533117","display_name":"Lionel Briand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1393-1010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lionel C. Briand","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019508589"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.3929,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98036684,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"167","last_page":"177"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12479","display_name":"Web Application Security Vulnerabilities","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12479","display_name":"Web Application Security Vulnerabilities","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oracle","display_name":"Oracle","score":0.7956266403198242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sql-injection","display_name":"SQL injection","score":0.7711952924728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7676365971565247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-testing","display_name":"Security testing","score":0.6265685558319092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-box-testing","display_name":"White-box testing","score":0.5171072483062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-bug","display_name":"Security bug","score":0.5082349181175232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-security-assurance","display_name":"Software security assurance","score":0.48981139063835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pl/sql","display_name":"PL/SQL","score":0.4733988046646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4574841558933258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-box-testing","display_name":"Black-box testing","score":0.44676271080970764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sql","display_name":"SQL","score":0.41461804509162903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-coding","display_name":"Secure coding","score":0.41231730580329895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.3830121159553528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.3231220543384552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.30210790038108826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.28835123777389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security","display_name":"Information security","score":0.250129759311676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-information-and-event-management","display_name":"Security information and event management","score":0.17978468537330627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing-security","display_name":"Cloud computing security","score":0.17439666390419006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.166806161403656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-service","display_name":"Security service","score":0.16204124689102173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-by-example","display_name":"Query by Example","score":0.13100850582122803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.12819033861160278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1097191870212555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.07168254256248474}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55166926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892946","display_name":"Oracle","level":2,"score":0.7956266403198242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150451098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506059","display_name":"SQL injection","level":5,"score":0.7711952924728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7676365971565247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195518309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13424265","display_name":"Security testing","level":5,"score":0.6265685558319092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162443782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1066228","display_name":"White-box testing","level":5,"score":0.5171072483062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131275738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445023","display_name":"Security bug","level":5,"score":0.5082349181175232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62913178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554361","display_name":"Software security assurance","level":4,"score":0.48981139063835144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32145003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47607","display_name":"PL/SQL","level":5,"score":0.4733988046646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4574841558933258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24169984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q879969","display_name":"Black-box testing","level":5,"score":0.44676271080970764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510870499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47607","display_name":"SQL","level":2,"score":0.41461804509162903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22680326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444867","display_name":"Secure coding","level":5,"score":0.41231730580329895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3830121159553528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3231220543384552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.30210790038108826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.28835123777389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.250129759311676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103377522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493999","display_name":"Security information and event management","level":4,"score":0.17978468537330627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.17439666390419006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.166806161403656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29983905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445066","display_name":"Security service","level":3,"score":0.16204124689102173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194222762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114486","display_name":"Query by Example","level":4,"score":0.13100850582122803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.12819033861160278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1097191870212555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.07168254256248474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2970276.2970343","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2970276.2970343","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31st IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/28150","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/28150","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 31th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (2016); 31st IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE 2016), from 05-09-2016 to 07-09-2016","raw_type":"peer reviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6125804149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FNR/P10/03","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","funder_display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/039z13y21"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23242426","https://openalex.org/W1460605988","https://openalex.org/W1531910981","https://openalex.org/W1532325895","https://openalex.org/W1600776630","https://openalex.org/W1658853941","https://openalex.org/W1962083226","https://openalex.org/W1966143594","https://openalex.org/W1990297162","https://openalex.org/W1993046026","https://openalex.org/W2001693166","https://openalex.org/W2008857097","https://openalex.org/W2011430131","https://openalex.org/W2035582095","https://openalex.org/W2037786632","https://openalex.org/W2041713059","https://openalex.org/W2059490789","https://openalex.org/W2063647782","https://openalex.org/W2065555413","https://openalex.org/W2098231756","https://openalex.org/W2105689640","https://openalex.org/W2116783278","https://openalex.org/W2144696387","https://openalex.org/W2146764106","https://openalex.org/W2149232727","https://openalex.org/W2166381878","https://openalex.org/W3001455961","https://openalex.org/W6628653596","https://openalex.org/W6636078504"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978034799","https://openalex.org/W2007984522","https://openalex.org/W4248491825","https://openalex.org/W4384518368","https://openalex.org/W151073879","https://openalex.org/W2155353733","https://openalex.org/W2359391484","https://openalex.org/W2557302400","https://openalex.org/W2070218579","https://openalex.org/W4251165966"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Security":[0],"testing":[1],"is":[2,33],"a":[3],"pivotal":[4],"activity":[5],"in":[6],"engineering":[7],"secure":[8],"software.":[9],"It":[10],"consists":[11],"of":[12],"two":[13],"phases:":[14],"generating":[15],"attack":[16],"inputs":[17],"to":[18],"test":[19,25],"the":[20,36],"system,":[21],"and":[22],"assessing":[23],"whether":[24],"executions":[26],"expose":[27],"any":[28],"vulnerabilities.":[29],"The":[30],"latter":[31],"phase":[32],"known":[34],"as":[35],"security":[37],"oracle":[38],"problem.":[39]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
