{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2519186720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2968219.2968336","title":"Design and evaluation of a gaze tracking system for free-space interaction","display_name":"Design and evaluation of a gaze tracking system for free-space interaction","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2519186720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2968219.2968336","mag":"2519186720"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2968219.2968336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2968219.2968336","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045352491","display_name":"Felix Sch\u00fcssel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix Sch\u00fcssel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulm University, Ulm, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulm University, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017857574","display_name":"Johannes B\u00e4urle","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johannes B\u00e4urle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulm University, Ulm, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulm University, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028716515","display_name":"Simon Kotzka","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Kotzka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulm University, Ulm, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulm University, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103159140","display_name":"Michael Weber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2692-5568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Weber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulm University, Ulm, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulm University, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085540936","display_name":"Ferdinand Pittino","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ferdinand Pittino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulm University, Ulm, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulm University, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009961416","display_name":"Anke Huckauf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2694-5681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anke Huckauf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulm University, Ulm, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulm University, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8356,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75604891,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1676","last_page":"1685"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bittorrent-tracker","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","score":0.8421370387077332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.8036404848098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8002135753631592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.7227405309677124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.663207471370697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.6391973495483398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.6279534101486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5972952842712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5611391663551331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-system","display_name":"Tracking system","score":0.5388339161872864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.4563572406768799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4484640061855316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.0760880708694458}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57501372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2021268","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","level":3,"score":0.8421370387077332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.8036404848098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8002135753631592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.7227405309677124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.663207471370697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.6391973495483398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.6279534101486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5972952842712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5611391663551331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.5388339161872864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.4563572406768799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4484640061855316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.0760880708694458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2968219.2968336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2968219.2968336","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8171174013","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SFB TRR 62","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965628649","https://openalex.org/W1982812012","https://openalex.org/W1989689139","https://openalex.org/W1990703646","https://openalex.org/W2028436867","https://openalex.org/W2034438017","https://openalex.org/W2053984478","https://openalex.org/W2095265662","https://openalex.org/W2169489294","https://openalex.org/W2173809567","https://openalex.org/W2295235733","https://openalex.org/W2729161127"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2480793735","https://openalex.org/W4384788979","https://openalex.org/W2511178891","https://openalex.org/W178060743","https://openalex.org/W2909390414","https://openalex.org/W2126676984","https://openalex.org/W2954509079","https://openalex.org/W2161294397","https://openalex.org/W2012644758","https://openalex.org/W2141888607"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"using":[1],"eye":[2,99,134],"trackers":[3],"for":[4,24,42,92,120],"gaze":[5,64],"tracking":[6,65,100],"in":[7,72,110,123,140],"human":[8],"computer":[9],"interaction":[10],"gained":[11],"a":[12,62,89,107],"lot":[13],"of":[14,61,97,132],"attention,":[15],"generic":[16],"approaches":[17,31],"that":[18,67,77,129],"allow":[19],"mobile":[20,63],"and":[21,37,58,74,102],"free-space":[22,80],"interactions":[23],"numerous":[25],"applications":[26,36,76,122],"are":[27],"still":[28],"rare.":[29],"Known":[30],"often":[32],"focus":[33],"on":[34,50,79],"specific":[35],"provide":[38,117],"only":[39,116],"rough":[40],"estimates":[41],"the":[43,51,56,94,98,103,111,133],"achieved":[44,95],"accuracies":[45,96],"or":[46],"impose":[47],"sever":[48],"restrictions":[49],"user's":[52],"movements.":[53],"We":[54],"present":[55,88],"design":[57],"detailed":[59],"evaluation":[60],"system":[66],"can":[68],"be":[69],"generally":[70],"applied":[71],"pervasive":[73],"ubiquitous":[75,124],"rely":[78],"interactions.":[81],"Using":[82],"automated":[83],"image":[84],"processing,":[85],"we":[86],"also":[87,127],"fast":[90],"method":[91],"evaluating":[93],"device":[101],"marker-based":[104],"mapping":[105],"onto":[106],"screen":[108],"placed":[109],"vicinity.":[112],"Evaluation":[113],"results":[114],"not":[115],"details":[118],"necessary":[119],"later":[121],"environments,":[125],"but":[126],"reveal":[128],"manufacturer's":[130],"specification":[131],"tracker's":[135],"accuracy":[136],"is":[137],"barely":[138],"met":[139],"actual":[141],"use.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}