{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2754889145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2960413","title":"Detecting Users\u2019 Cognitive Load by Galvanic Skin Response with Affective Interference","display_name":"Detecting Users\u2019 Cognitive Load by Galvanic Skin Response with Affective Interference","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2754889145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2960413","mag":"2754889145"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2960413","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2960413","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173818","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2160-6455","issn":["2160-6455","2160-6463"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004067654","display_name":"Nargess Nourbakhsh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nargess Nourbakhsh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sydney and NICTA, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sydney and NICTA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400043","display_name":"Fang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4971-8729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["NICTA, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NICTA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100714578","display_name":"Yang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6815-0879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["NICTA, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NICTA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013835523","display_name":"Rafael A. Calvo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2238-0684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael A. Calvo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sydney, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004067654"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602","https://openalex.org/I42894916"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3079,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":97,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96747633,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.9747999906539917,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-load","display_name":"Cognitive load","score":0.8461647033691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.7435362339019775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.6609609723091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6126192808151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-conductance","display_name":"Skin conductance","score":0.5923794507980347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/response-time","display_name":"Response time","score":0.4871220588684082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","score":0.4640820026397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.4101027548313141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3624992370605469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34161555767059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.32677435874938965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15284284949302673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.11446145176887512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08788207173347473}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61641136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107019","display_name":"Cognitive load","level":3,"score":0.8461647033691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.7435362339019775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.6609609723091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6126192808151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111902132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1326834","display_name":"Skin conductance","level":2,"score":0.5923794507980347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19012869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578372","display_name":"Response time","level":2,"score":0.4871220588684082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4640820026397705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4101027548313141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3624992370605469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34161555767059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.32677435874938965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15284284949302673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.11446145176887512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08788207173347473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2960413","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2960413","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173818","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"2160-6455","issn":["2160-6455","2160-6463"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:spiral.imperial.ac.uk:10044/1/73249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/73249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401396","display_name":"Spiral (Imperial College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","host_organization_name":"Imperial College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"20","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6194240451","display_name":"National ICT Australia","funder_award_id":"NICTA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315885","display_name":"Australian Government","ror":"https://ror.org/0314h5y94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W55018851","https://openalex.org/W207655610","https://openalex.org/W1575434449","https://openalex.org/W1916530672","https://openalex.org/W1963483092","https://openalex.org/W1968913654","https://openalex.org/W1969783622","https://openalex.org/W1978941942","https://openalex.org/W1978980572","https://openalex.org/W1986694300","https://openalex.org/W1990715088","https://openalex.org/W2004210413","https://openalex.org/W2010950770","https://openalex.org/W2017617574","https://openalex.org/W2019792473","https://openalex.org/W2027976084","https://openalex.org/W2030595170","https://openalex.org/W2035126508","https://openalex.org/W2035901571","https://openalex.org/W2040945096","https://openalex.org/W2045437571","https://openalex.org/W2059303722","https://openalex.org/W2063705912","https://openalex.org/W2064749740","https://openalex.org/W2065073464","https://openalex.org/W2075647286","https://openalex.org/W2081192901","https://openalex.org/W2081811286","https://openalex.org/W2090628816","https://openalex.org/W2096036274","https://openalex.org/W2111517084","https://openalex.org/W2112665064","https://openalex.org/W2113555622","https://openalex.org/W2116669434","https://openalex.org/W2121682721","https://openalex.org/W2127544007","https://openalex.org/W2130736456","https://openalex.org/W2137576942","https://openalex.org/W2157289187","https://openalex.org/W2158179890","https://openalex.org/W2166667242","https://openalex.org/W2203197981","https://openalex.org/W2293081071","https://openalex.org/W2905756704","https://openalex.org/W2953127026","https://openalex.org/W2974550657","https://openalex.org/W4248833439","https://openalex.org/W4249654063","https://openalex.org/W4253062724"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4327518326","https://openalex.org/W2141696378","https://openalex.org/W3167332943","https://openalex.org/W2013850956","https://openalex.org/W2075530399","https://openalex.org/W1995211429","https://openalex.org/W2067532427","https://openalex.org/W105289849","https://openalex.org/W2081953805","https://openalex.org/W1545693817"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Experiencing":[0],"high":[1,185],"cognitive":[2,29,49,106,127,164,181],"load":[3,30,50,107,128,165,182],"during":[4],"complex":[5],"and":[6,14,32,39,51,66,77,103,143,150,179,195],"demanding":[7],"tasks":[8],"results":[9],"in":[10,55,74,123,153,203,211],"performance":[11],"reduction,":[12],"stress,":[13],"errors.":[15],"However,":[16],"these":[17,62],"could":[18],"be":[19,45],"prevented":[20],"by":[21,147],"a":[22],"system":[23],"capable":[24],"of":[25,48,61,125,133,158,214],"constantly":[26],"monitoring":[27],"users\u2019":[28],"fluctuations":[31],"adjusting":[33],"its":[34],"interactions":[35],"accordingly.":[36],"Physiological":[37],"data":[38,136],"behaviors":[40],"have":[41,115],"been":[42],"found":[43],"to":[44,162],"suitable":[46,89],"measures":[47,63],"are":[52,72,198],"now":[53],"available":[54],"many":[56],"consumer":[57],"devices.":[58],"An":[59],"advantage":[60],"over":[64],"subjective":[65],"performance-based":[67],"methods":[68],"is":[69],"that":[70,172],"they":[71],"captured":[73],"real":[75],"time":[76],"implicitly":[78],"while":[79],"the":[80,84,94,131,154,173,199,207,212],"user":[81],"interacts":[82],"with":[83,130,184],"system,":[85],"which":[86],"makes":[87],"them":[88],"for":[90],"real-world":[91],"applications.":[92],"On":[93],"other":[95],"hand,":[96],"emotion":[97],"interference":[98,132],"can":[99,176],"change":[100],"physiological":[101],"responses":[102],"make":[104],"accurate":[105],"measurement":[108],"more":[109],"challenging.":[110],"In":[111],"this":[112],"work,":[113],"we":[114],"studied":[116],"six":[117],"galvanic":[118],"skin":[119],"response":[120],"(GSR)":[121],"features":[122,174,202],"detection":[124],"four":[126,178],"levels":[129,183],"emotions.":[134,215],"The":[135],"was":[137],"derived":[138],"from":[139,168],"two":[140,180],"arithmetic":[141],"experiments":[142],"emotions":[144],"were":[145,160],"induced":[146],"displaying":[148],"pleasant":[149],"unpleasant":[151],"pictures":[152],"background.":[155],"Two":[156],"types":[157],"classifiers":[159],"applied":[161],"detect":[163,177],"levels.":[166],"Results":[167],"both":[169],"studies":[170],"indicate":[171],"explored":[175],"accuracy":[186,209],"even":[187],"under":[188],"emotional":[189],"changes.":[190],"More":[191],"specifically,":[192],"rise":[193],"duration":[194],"accumulative":[196],"GSR":[197],"common":[200],"best":[201],"all":[204],"situations,":[205],"having":[206],"highest":[208],"especially":[210],"presence":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}